Objective To analyze social, environmental and health-related inequalities in the level of active aging among older adults who participated in the Health Survey conducted in the city of Campinas, Brazil. Methods The level of active aging was estimated based on a ranking of engagement in activities using factor analysis. More active older adults (situated in the highest tertile of the ranking) were compared with the others through the prevalence ratios (PR) and respective 95 % confidence intervals (CI) estimated by Poisson regression. Results The study population thus consisted of 986 older adults. The majority of the respondents were female (57.6 %), in the 60-69 years age group (56.7 %), had less than 8 years of schooling (65.3 %) and had a per capita family income of 1-3 minimum salaries (55.3 %). Access to public spaces for the practice of physical activity near the home (PR = 1.44; 95 % CI, 1.07-1.94) and higher level of education (PR = 2.14; 95 % CI, 1.60-2.86), income (PR = 1.73; 95 % CI, 1.25-2.40), physical health (PR = 1.44; 95 % CI, 1.13-1.82) and mental health (PR = 1.62; 95 % CI, 1.05-2.49) were more prevalent among older adults with a high level of active aging. Discussion The findings demonstrate that the level of involvement in activities does not solely depend on personal choices. Social, economic, environmental, physical and mental contexts all exert a strong influence.Purpose End-stage kidney disease (ESKD) causes bleeding diathesis; however, whether these findings are extrapolable to acute kidney injury (AKI) remains uncertain. We assessed whether AKI is associated with an increased risk of bleeding. Methods Single-center retrospective cohort study, excluding readmissions, admissions less then 24 h, ESKD or kidney transplants. The primary outcome was the development of incident bleeding analyzed by multivariate time-dependent Cox models. Results In 1001 patients, bleeding occurred in 48% of AKI and 57% of non-AKI patients (p = .007). To identify predictors of incident bleeding, we excluded patients who bled before ICU (n = 488). In bleeding-free patients (n = 513), we observed a trend toward higher risks of bleeding in AKI (22% vs. 16%, p = .06), and a higher risk of bleeding in AKI-requiring dialysis (38% vs. 17%, p = .01). Cirrhosis, AKI-requiring dialysis, anticoagulation, and coronary artery disease were associated with bleeding (HR 3.67, 95%CI1.33-10.25; HR 2.82, 95%CI1.26-6.32; HR 2.34, 95%CI1.45-3.80; and HR 1.84, 95%CI1.06-3.20, respectively), while SOFA score and sepsis had a protective association (HR 0.92 95%CI0.84-0.99 and HR 0.55, 95%CI0.34-0.91, respectively). Incident bleeding was not associated with mortality. Conclusions AKI-requiring dialysis was associated with incident bleeding, independent of anticoagulant administration. Studies are needed to better understand how AKI affects coagulation and clinical outcomes.Autophagy has been identified as an important immune regulatory mechanism. Recent studies have linked macrophage autophagy with innate immune responses against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. BRD-6929 tuberculosis), which can survive within macrophages by blocking fusion of the phagosome with lysosomes. These findings suggest that autophagy is a regulatable cellular mechanism of M. tuberculosis defense in macrophages. Transcriptomic profiles in human blood in TB patients suggest that M. tuberculosis affects autophagy related pathways. In order to better understand the role of macrophage autophagy in enhancing protective immunity against M. tuberculosis, in this study, we investigate the effects of the autophagy activators rapamycin and LPS in macrophage autophagy and immunity against M. tuberculosis. We confirm that rapamycin and LPS induce autophagy in M. tuberculosis infected THP-1-derived macrophages or PMA primed THP-1 macrophages [THP-1(A)]. LPS restores M. tuberculosis-inhibited IL-12 synthesis and secretion in THP-1(A) cells via autophagy. Similarly, autophagy activators increase IL-12 synthesis and secretion in THP-1(A) cells. These studies demonstrate the importance of autophagy in M. tuberculosis elimination in macrophages and may lead to novel therapies for tuberculosis and other bacterial infections.Background People who inject drugs are highly vulnerable to social determinants of health (SDOH) inequities, such as homelessness, food insecurity, lack of social support, and poor access to healthcare. Supervised consumption sites (SCSs) have been developed to reduce harms associated with injection drug use but their social impacts remain largely unknown. This study explored service users’ experiences with SCSs and how their service use affected their SDOH. Methods A qualitative descriptive study design was used. Participants were recruited from an SCS in Ottawa, Canada. Data were collected using in-depth interviews (n = 21). Data analysis involved two cycles of coding that were visibly presented in an analytic matrix. Member checking of the findings was then completed using two focus groups (n = 7). Results Five themes were identified with regard to how SCSs impacted the SDOH (1) social connectedness and community, (2) emotional support and stress reduction, (3) safety and security, (4) current shelter statuses and search for housing, and (5) health service access and use. The perceived effects of SCSs in these domains were mostly positive, though the importance of being vigilant and cautious when using the services was also expressed by participants. Conclusions SCSs represent a potential downstream intervention to addressing some of the SDOH inequities experienced by people who inject drugs. In particular, the findings indicate that SCSs can be a bridge to rebuilding service users’ connections with the healthcare system and an important service in efforts to prevent unsheltered homelessness.This paper reports an imprint and transfer approach for the rapid and inexpensive fabrication of the ultra-thin freestanding plasmonic membrane (FPM) that supports surface plasmon resonances. The imprint and transfer fabrication method involves the soft imprint lithography on an ultrathin polymer film, transfer of the perforated polymer film to a supporting frame, subsequent deposition of gold, and final removal of the polymer film. Without using any sophisticated lithography and etching processes, the imprint and transfer method can produce freestanding gold membranes with 2D arrays of submicrometer-sized holes that support plasmonic modes in the mid-wavelength infrared (mid-IR) range. Two FPM devices with an array constant of 4.0 and 2.5 μm have been simulated, fabricated, and measured for their transmittance characteristics. The fabricated FPMs exhibit surface plasmon polariton Bloch mode and extraordinary optical transmission (EOT) with the enhanced local field around the membrane. The effects of membrane thickness and angle dispersion on the FPM were investigated to show the tuning of EOT modes in IR.