05). Results of the multivariate analysis through logistic regression indicated that being a male [3.87 (3.21-4.72)], attending a public school [1.41 (1.19-1.63)], and having malocclusion [1.55 (1.32-1.71)] significantly increased the odds of sustaining TDI.

The results indicated a strong association between TDI, gender, the type of school attended, and malocclusion, and they have important implications towardthe health and well-being of the individual communities.

The results indicated a strong association between TDI, gender, the type of school attended, and malocclusion, and they have important implications toward the health and well-being of the individual communities.

Osteomyelitis of the jawbone is mostly secondary to radiation exposure or bone remodelling drugs, with the mandible being commonly involved. Maxillary osteomyelitis risk is low owing to its high vascularity. This study was undertaken to evaluate risk factors, presentation, management and outcomes of maxillary osteomyelitis caused due to reasons other than irradiation and bone remodelling drugs.

Patient records diagnosed with maxillary osteomyelitis were evaluated for demographic details, risk factors, clinical presentation, radiological features, treatment performed and outcomes.

In 38 patients with non-irradiated and non-drug-induced osteomyelitis, 13 involved the maxilla, seven were localized to the posterior maxilla and 10 showed paranasal sinus involvement. Dissemination to the cavernous sinus and cerebral spread was seen in one. Clinical findings includedoroantral communication, pain and draining sinus. Imaging showed diffuse bone destruction areas with or without evidence of bony sequestrum. The mteomyelitis secondary to mucormycosis in immunocompetent patients was relatively localized and gave favourable response to management compared with patients with diabetes mellitus.

Irreversible pulpitis is a painful and debilitating condition. Root canal treatment (RCT) provides prompt relief and salvages the affected tooth/teeth. It has classically been performed as a multivisit procedure. A relatively newer approach constitutes performing all the steps in one single visit. This study was designed to explore if single-visit RCT could be confidently used as an effective and preferred treatment modality for irreversible pulpitis in the Indian Armed forces.

The study compared the incidence of postoperative pain, tenderness on percussion (TOP), flare-ups, and the analgesic drug use in 60 cases of acute irreversible pulpitis who were treated by either single or multiple visit root canal therapy. Each treatment group included 30 patients who were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively at 24h, one week and one month.

The study found statistically higher incidence of postoperative pain (mild variant) and TOP in single visit therapy, 24h after the obturation while the difference was insignificant at one week and one month after therapy. Analgesic use was significantly higher after the single visit therapy in the first 24h. No flare-ups were recorded in either group. Significant pain and tenderness was observed after chemo-mechanical preparation (appointment 2) in multivisit regimen.

Single visit therapy is a safe, practical, and effective approach. The treatment results are similar to the multivisit regimen. It should therefore be considered for wider adoption and application.

Single visit therapy is a safe, practical, and effective approach. The treatment results are similar to the multivisit regimen. It should therefore be considered for wider adoption and application.

Verruca vulgaris is a viral infection with high recurrence rates and is very difficult to treat. It occurs due to the ability of the virus to evade immune recognition. This immune evasion by the human papillomavirus (HPV) can be circumvented by injecting HPV antigens subcutaneously and inducing inflammation and a systemic immune response. Falkner technique is an approved technique for the treatment of warts. In this observational study, we analyzed the recovery rate among patients undergoing this technique as part of their routine treatment. The aim of this study is to study the clinical outcome of Falkner’s needling technique that is being used for the treatment of verruca vulgaris.

Under local anaesthesia, only a single wart was vertically punctured using a 26-gauge needle up till the subcutis multiple times till bleeding was observed. No treatment was done for other warts. Patients were advised not to take any anti-inflammatory medications for pain and were observed for responses after 1 week as well aaken at most peripheral settings with minimal training.

Small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) is femtosecond laser based, minimally invasive, flap-free refractive surgery gaining worldwide acceptance as a safe alternative to flap based refractive surgeries.

A retrospective data review study was done where preoperative and postoperative data were collected for 202 eyes of 101 patients who underwent SMILE surgery at a tertiary care Armed Forces hospital from Jan 2019 to Dec 2019. All participants included in the study were followed up for 3 months postoperative period.

Mean age of the participants was 24.139±0.515 years (males 22.1years, females 25.3years). Male participants were 36 (72 eyes) while female participants were 65 (130 eyes). Of the participants, 75.2% underwent the procedure for cosmetic indication, while 24.8% underwent clearing some medical examination later. Preoperative UCVA was 1.049±0.028 logMAR units, which improved on first postoperative day to 0.038±0.01 logMAR units, at 1wk 0.015±0.01 logMAR units, at 1 month 0.006±0.005 logMAR units and at 3 months postoperative period to 0.03±0.003 logMAR units. There were two adverse events of difficult lenticule extraction with small (<1mm) cap tear.

SMILE surgery is a flap-free refractive surgical technique. It reduces postoperative complications like dry eyes and flap-related complications. Hence, it may be recommended for all serving personnel after a thorough preoperative screening protocol.

SMILE surgery is a flap-free refractive surgical technique. It reduces postoperative complications like dry eyes and flap-related complications. Hence, it may be recommended for all serving personnel after a thorough preoperative screening protocol.Infectious scleritis is rare and most commonly herpetic in origin. We report an unusual bilateral subacute presentation of scleritis with uveitis and glaucoma which responded to treatment with acyclovir. A 47-year-old male coast guard personnel presented with 2 months history of bilateral red eye. He was initially managed elsewhere as conjunctivitis, and on examination had bilateral diffuse redness of the eyes persisting with phenylephrine, with scleral edema and mild globe tenderness. Investigations for underlying autoimmune systemic illness were normal. He showed inadequate response to topical steroids and cycloplegics and developed uveitis and glaucoma while on steroids. He was then given tablet acyclovir with antiglaucoma topical medications with which he showed rapid response and complete resolution. The case is being reported for highlighting this unusual bilateral presentation of scleritis with uveitis and glaucoma with possible viral etiology.

Various types of laryngoscopes have been invented to ameliorate the laryngoscopic view of the glottis, in normal and difficult airway, which helps anaesthesiologists to secure the airway during anaesthesia. In this prospective study, we aimed to compare the efficacy of the Airtraq video laryngoscope (AVL) and the Macintosh curved-blade laryngoscope (MBL), by using a common clinical assessment tool in patients with modified Mallampati class III and IV.

A total of 60 patients [group A (AVL) and group M (MBL)] with modified Mallampati class III and IV listed for general anaesthesia were included. Each patient was intubated with either of the laryngoscope based on the group allotted. Time taken for tracheal intubation, grade of visualisation of glottis and need for manoeuvres to optimise the glottic view were compared.

The degree of the glottic view during successful intubation attempt was easily appreciated in group A (p<0.0001). Difference in the requirement of manoeuvres for optimising the laryngeal view/assisting in intubation as assessed by manoeuvre score was easily appreciated in group A (p<0.010). Rise in heart rate and mean arterial pressure 1 and 2min after intubation was more in group M than in group A (p<0.0001). No event of any airway trauma, as evidenced by visible trauma to lips or oral mucosa or blood on laryngoscope, was observed with either of the laryngoscope.

The novel AVL provides better intubation conditions with greater ease of intubation, better glottic view and lesser haemodynamic alterations during laryngoscopy than MBL.

The novel AVL provides better intubation conditions with greater ease of intubation, better glottic view and lesser haemodynamic alterations during laryngoscopy than MBL.

Survey-based studies have examined the timing of receiving periconceptional folic acid supplementation. To assess the impact of the periconceptional folic acid supplementation, a postulate that multigravida mothers are more likely to have received the supplementation and the level of serum folic acid in them assayed during the first trimester is likely to be higher than primigravida mothers was put forth. Serum folic acid levels were measured in primigravida and multigravida mothers during the first trimester.

One hundred twenty primigravida and multigravida mothers registered at antenatal clinic of a tertiary care referral centre were included. Serum folic acid assay from samples collected during the first trimester was carried out by chemiluminescence immuneassay. The mothers were followed up during subsequent OPD visits, during admission for delivery and through mobile phones for assessing the delivery outcomes. read more World Health Organization cutoff values for serum folic acid were used to analyse the results.

None of the mothers received folic acid supplement before conception. Mean interval from last menstrual period to receiving the first dose of folic acid supplementation was 71.2 days in primigravida and 67.6 days in multigravida mothers. Overall, 21/120 (17.5%) of primigravida mothers and 34/120 (28.3%) of multigravida mothers had serum folic acid values less than 6ng/ml (deficiency and possible deficiency).

None of the mothers received folic acid supplements before conception. Significant proportion of mothers, particularly the multigravida having less than normal levels serum folic acid indicates correctable lacunae amenable for preventive intervention.

None of the mothers received folic acid supplements before conception. Significant proportion of mothers, particularly the multigravida having less than normal levels serum folic acid indicates correctable lacunae amenable for preventive intervention.Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSDs) are rare autoimmune-mediated chronic inflammatory disorders involving the central nervous system. The concept of NMOSDs has widened up recently. Its diagnostic criteria have broadened the knowledge of this particular disease including the atypical cases where antiaquaporin-4 antibody is negative and anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody is positive. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein is a protein expressed on the outer surface of myelin sheath and oligodendrocytes of the central nervous system. The detection of anti-MOG-Ab is emerging evidence, and thus, research on the role of this antibody in such seronegative cases is still underway. Early diagnosis and adequate therapy is essential in such cases. Here, we report an eight-year-old girl who was diagnosed with NMOSDs and found to have anti-MOG antibodies in place of AQP-4 antibodies.