The term “abscopal effect” was defined in 1953. In oncology the term is used to describe systemic antitumor effects triggered by local irradiation (nontarget effect). Although the mechanism of the abscopal effect is not completely understood yet, it has been demonstrated that in situ tumor vaccination, and the resulting antitumor immune response, is one of the key factors.

The development of immune therapies has recently led to concepts combining local radiotherapy and immune therapy with the aim of enhancing the response to immune therapy by the immunological mechanisms summarized in the term abscopal effect. This concept has also been investigated in less immunogenic tumors such as breast cancer. Initial data are promising but the hypothesis that the combination of checkpoint inhibitors and local radiotherapy could be an effective combination in breast cancer has to be proven by ongoing trials. Substitution of local radiotherapy by local hyperthermia could be an option in selected cases.

Combination of checkpoint inhibitors with local radiation or hyperthermia in breast cancer is a promising approach and could enhance the response rates generated by immune therapy alone through the antitumor immune response initiated by the abscopal effect.

Combination of checkpoint inhibitors with local radiation or hyperthermia in breast cancer is a promising approach and could enhance the response rates generated by immune therapy alone through the antitumor immune response initiated by the abscopal effect.Internet of Things (IoT) and smart medical devices have improved the healthcare systems by enabling remote monitoring and screening of the patients’ health conditions anywhere and anytime. Due to an unexpected and huge increasing in number of patients during coronavirus (novel COVID-19) pandemic, it is considerably indispensable to monitor patients’ health condition continuously before any serious disorder or infection occur. According to transferring the huge volume of produced sensitive health data of patients who do not want their private medical information to be revealed, dealing with security issues of IoT data as a major concern and a challenging problem has remained yet. Encountering this challenge, in this paper, a remote health monitoring model that applies a lightweight block encryption method for provisioning security for health and medical data in cloud-based IoT environment is presented. In this model, the patients’ health statuses are determined via predicting critical situations through data mining methods for analyzing their biological data sensed by smart medical IoT devices in which a lightweight secure block encryption technique is used to ensure the patients’ sensitive data become protected. Lightweight block encryption methods have a crucial effective influence on this sort of systems due to the restricted resources in IoT platforms. Experimental outcomes show that K-star classification method achieves the best results among RF, MLP, SVM, and J48 classifiers, with accuracy of 95%, precision of 94.5%, recall of 93.5%, and f-score of 93.99%. Tucidinostat order Therefore, regarding the attained outcomes, the suggested model is successful in achieving an effective remote health monitoring model assisted by secure IoT data in cloud-based IoT platforms.Diseases of the lung result in oxygen deficiency, hypoxemia, with the indications for oxygen supplementation, whereas hypercapnia and dyspnea are consequences of disorders and failure of the ventilatory pump, which need to be treated by mechanical ventilation. Early diagnostics enable a timely noninvasive ventilation treatment and can prevent overt ventilatory failure and avoid acute invasive ventilation. Diagnostic measures are available, so that the risk of developing overt respiratory failure can be ascertained in time. Treatment of respiratory pump insufficiency, i.e. ventilatory insufficiency, is also established. Many patients with ventilatory insufficiency use intermittent or continuous ventilation every day in order to relieve the respiratory musculature. Many studies have confirmed an extension of life expectancy and a better quality of life, when this relief together with a lowering of the pCO2 is achieved under ventilation and more importantly while breathing spontaneously. If the target of lowering the pCO2 is not achieved, an effect of intermittent ventilation cannot be detected. The more severe the disease, the more difficult it is to achieve relief, because the substantial effort needed for breathing by the patient can hardly be relieved by assisted ventilation alone. The relief is always guaranteed by a total passive mechanical ventilation below the apnea threshold so that the patient does not need to independently breathe. A high tidal volume, an adequately high respiratory rate and a prolonged inspiration time are necessary in order to reduce the pCO2 to below the normal range and to induce passive ventilation. No lung damage has been observed with this treatment strategy in a large number of patients.An increasing number of patients require prolonged weaning from mechanical ventilation as a result of advanced age, patient comorbidities, technical progress in surgery and intensive care medicine. The data of the WeanNet register show that more than half (64%) of patients transferred from the intensive care unit (ICU) to a specialized weaning center could definitely be weaned from the respirator. Weaning failure was associated with prolonged ventilation prior to transfer to a weaning center, low body mass index, pre-existing neuromuscular diseases and advanced age. The number of patients with out of hospital ventilation who had to be re-hospitalized because of ventilation control or as part of emergency management quadrupled in Germany between 2006 and 2016. Invasive out-of-hospital ventilation and long-term noninvasive ventilation are associated with a significant loss of autonomy and with low quality of life. Therefore, the initiation must be carefully reviewed and regularly re-evaluated in the context of patient comorbidities and, if necessary, decisions should be made with respect to changing treatment targets. Specialized weaning centers have been established for patients in whom weaning on the ICU was unsuccessful. In cases of persisting weaning failure the adequate transition to out-of-hospital ventilation should be managed by a weaning unit. Weaning centers are responsible for outpatient invasive or noninvasive ventilation strategies and control of treatment quality. Depending on the infrastructure and networking of the respective weaning center, it is basically also possible to provide outpatient care for clinically stable patients in a cooperation model together with pulmonologists in private practice experienced in respiratory medicine.