Cold plasma can be beneficial for promoting skin wound healing and has a high potential of being effectively used in treating various wounds. Our aim was to verify the effect of cold plasma in accelerating wound healing and investigate its underlying mechanism in vitro and in vivo. For the in vivo experiments, 2 full-thickness dermal wounds were created in each mouse (n = 30). While one wound was exposed to 2 daily plasma treatments for 3 min, the other wound served as a control. The wounds were evaluated by imaging and histological analyses at 4, 7, and 11 days post the wound infliction process. Immunohistochemical studies were also performed at the same time points. In vitro proliferation and scratch assay using HaCaT keratinocytes and fibroblasts were performed. The expression levels of wound healing-related genes were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. On day 7, the wound healing rates were 53.94% and 63.58% for the control group and the plasma-treated group, respectively. On day 11, these rates were 76.05% and 93.44% for the control and plasma-treated groups, respectively, and the difference between them was significant (P = .039). Histological analysis demonstrated that plasma treatment promotes the formation of epidermal keratin and granular layers. Immunohistochemical studies also revealed that collagen 1, collagen 3, and alpha-smooth muscle actin appeared more abundantly in the plasma-treated group than in the control group. In vitro, the proliferation of keratinocytes was promoted by plasma exposure. Scratch assay showed that fibroblast exposure to plasma increased their migration. The expression levels of collagen 1, collagen 3, and alpha-smooth muscle actin were elevated upon plasma treatment. In conclusion, cold plasma can accelerate skin wound healing and is well tolerated.Ultra-short-term (UST) heart rate variability (HRV) metrics have increasingly been proposed as surrogates for short-term HRV metrics. However, the concurrent validity, within-day reliability, and between-day reliability of UST HRV have yet to be comprehensively documented. selleck products Thirty-six adults (18 males, age 26 ± 5 yr, BMI 24 ± 3 kg/m2) were recruited. Measures of HRV were quantified in a quiet-stance upright orthostatic position via three-lead electrocardiogram (ADInstruments, FE232 BioAmp). All short-term data recordings were 300 s in length and five UST time points (i.e., 30 s, 60 s, 120 s, 180 s, and 240 s) were extracted from the original 300-s recording. Bland-Altman plots with 95% limits of agreement, repeated measures ANOVA and two-tailed paired t tests demarcated differences between UST and short-term recordings. Linear regressions, coefficient of variation, intraclass correlation coefficients, and other tests examined the validity and reliability in both time- and frequency domains. No group differenceble basis. The present results found 60 s (heart rate), 240 s (time-domain parameters), and 300 s (relative frequency-domain parameters) were required to obtain accurate and reproducible metrics. The lower validity/reliability of the ultra-short-term metrics was attributable to measurement error and/or confounding from extraneous physiological influences (i.e., respiratory and hemodynamic variables).The airway smooth muscle undergoes an elastic transition during a sustained contraction, characterized by a gradual decrease in hysteresivity caused by a relatively greater rate of increase in elastance than resistance. We recently demonstrated that these mechanical changes are more likely to persist after a large strain when they are acquired in dynamic versus static conditions; as if the microstructural adaptations liable for the elastic transition are more flexible when they evolve in dynamic conditions. The extent of this flexibility is undefined. Herein, contracted ovine tracheal smooth muscle strips were kept in dynamic conditions simulating tidal breathing (sinusoidal length oscillations at 5% amplitude) and then subjected to simulated deep inspirations (DI). Each DI was straining the muscle by either 10%, 20%, or 30% and was imposed at either 2, 5, 10, or 30 min after the preceding DI. The goal was to assess whether and the extent by which the time-dependent decrease in hysteresivity is preserved folly smooth muscle that displays an everchanging shape due to breathing.The purpose of this study was to determine whether the plethysmographic variability index (“PVi”) can predict preload responsiveness in patients with nasal high flow (NHF) (≥30 L/min) with any sign of hypoperfusion. “Preload responsiveness” was defined as a ≥10% increase in stroke volume (SV), measured by transthoracic echocardiography, after passive leg raising. SV and PVi were reassessed in preload responders after receiving a 250-mL fluid challenge. Twenty patients were included and 12 patients (60%) were preload responders. Responders showed higher baseline mean PVi (24% vs. 13%; P = 0.001) and higher mean PVi variation (ΔPVi) after passive leg raising (6.8% vs. -1.7%; P less then 0.001). No differences between mean ΔPVi after passive leg raising and mean ΔPVi after fluid challenge were observed (6.8% vs. 7.4%; P = 0.24); and both values were strongly correlated (r = 0.84; P less then 0.001). Baseline PVi and ΔPVi after passive leg raising showed excellent diagnostic accuracy identifying preload responders (AUROC 0.92 and 1.00, respectively). Baseline PVi ≥ 16% had a sensitivity of 91.7% and a specificity of 87.5% for detecting preload responders. Similarly, ΔPVi after passive leg raising ≥2% had a 100% of both sensitivity and specificity. Thus, PVi might predict “preload responsiveness” in patients treated with NHF, suggesting that it may guide fluid administration in these patients.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study that analyzes the use of noninvasive plethysmographic variability index (PVi) for preload assessment in patients treated with nasal high flow (NHF). Its results showed that PVi might identify preload responders. Therefore, PVi may be used in the day-to-day clinical decision-making process in critically ill patients treated with NHF, helping to provide adequate resuscitation volume.