in English, Russian Представлены возможности технологии искусственного интеллекта Data Mining, в частности метода индукции дерева решений, для ответа на специальные вопросы при проведении судебно-медицинской экспертизы уголовных дел, возбужденных против врачей в случаях ненадлежащего оказания медицинской помощи. На основании полученных результатов, обоснованных автоматизированной математической программой интеллектуальной обработки базы данных, установлены конкретные судебно-медицинские экспертные особенности лечебно-тактических дефектов при оказании медицинской помощи.in English, Russian Цель работы – рассмотреть теоретические и практические вопросы назначения и производства комплексных водно-технических и судебно-медицинских экспертиз при расследовании нарушений правил безопасности движения и эксплуатации водного транспорта. Изученная практика расследования происшествий на водном транспорте свидетельствует, что в основном назначаются отдельно судебно-медицинские и водно-технические экспертизы. В связи с этим возникает необходимость в расширении знаний о транспортно-технических и судебно-медицинских экспертизах. Свое развитие должна получить комплексная судебно-медицинская, транспортно-трасологическая и водно-техническая экспертиза, поскольку она, по мнению автора, является недостаточно разработанной, о чем свидетельствует малое количество научных работ, а также отсутствие в соответствующем нормативном акте по производству судебно-медицинских экспертиз понятия и описания водно-транспортной травмы.This review identified prospective cohort studies in the general population, which showed incidence (23 papers) and risk factors (37 papers) for fibromyalgia and chronic widespread pain. Median incidence of physician diagnosed fibromyalgia in the general population was 4.3 per 1000 person-years (range = 0.33-18.8) but 14.0 (1.2-32.7) if medical illness was present. Median incidence of chronic widespread pain was 12.5 per 1000 person-years (7.2-81.6) but 67 per 1000 person years (14.8-124) for those with pre-existing pain. Risk factors included various childhood difficulties, female sex (except with pre-existing medical disorders), older/middle age, smoking, high body mass index, alcohol abstinence, and pre-existing medical disorders in adulthood. The strongest associations were with sleep disorders, headaches and other pains, depression, and illness behaviour. These data suggest strongly that there are many aetiological routes into fibromyalgia, and future research could be enhanced by studying the underlying mechanisms relating to these risk factors.Empathetic perspective-taking (PT) may be critical in modulating attention and associated responses to another’s pain. However, the differential effects of imagining oneself to be in the pain sufferer’s situation (‘Self-perspective’) or imagining the negative impacts on the pain sufferer’s experience (‘Other-perspective’) on attention have not been studied. The effects of observer PT (Self vs. PD 0332991 research buy Other) and level of facial pain expressiveness (FPE) upon attention to another person’s pain was investigated. Fifty-two adults were assigned to one of three PT conditions; they were instructed to view pairs of pain expressions and neutral faces and either 1) consider their own feelings (Self-perspective), 2) consider the feelings of the person in the picture (Other-perspective), or 3) received no further instructions (Control). Eye movements provided indices of early (probability and duration of first fixation) and later (total gaze duration) attentional deployment. Pain faces were more likely to be fixated upon first. A significant first fixation duration bias towards pain was observed, which increased with increasing levels of FPE, and was higher in the Self-PT than the Control condition. The proportion of total gaze duration on pain faces was higher in both experimental conditions than the Control condition. This effect was moderated by FPE in the Self-PT condition; there was a significant increase from low to high FPE. When observers attend to another’s facial display of pain, top-down influences (such as PT) and bottom-up influences (such as sufferer’s FPE) interact to control deployment and maintenance of attention.Morphine is a strong painkiller acting through mu-opioid receptor (MOR). Full-length 7-transmembrane (TM) variants of MOR share similar amino acid sequences of TM domains in rodents and humans; however, interspecies differences in N- and C-terminal amino acid sequences of MOR splice variants dramatically affect the downstream signaling. Thus, it is essential to develop a mouse model that expresses human MOR splice variants for opioid pharmacological studies. We generated 2 lines of fully humanized MOR mice (hMOR; mMOR mice), line #1 and #2. The novel murine model having human OPRM1 genes and human-specific variants was examined by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and the MinION nanopore sequencing. The differences in the regional distribution of MOR between wild-type and humanized MOR mice brains were detected by RNAscope and radioligand binding assay. hMOR; mMOR mice were characterized in vivo using a tail-flick, charcoal meal, open field, tail suspension, naloxone precipitation tests, and rectal temperature measurement.