D-19 using chest CT scans and assigned standardized CO-RADS and CT severity scores that demonstrated good agreement with findings from eight independent observers and generalized well to external data. © RSNA, 2020 Supplemental material is available for this article.Wheat (Triticum aestivum) common root rot (CRR) caused by predominant fungal pathogen Bipolaris sorokiniana occurs in all wheat-growing regions worldwide and is difficult to control. In this study, the efficacy of eight fungicides against Bipolaris sorokiniana was examined in in vitro assays, and we determined that the combined application of two fungicides significantly inhibits the growth of fungal mycelium. Half of the maximal effective concentration of a mixture containing fludioxonil and difenoconazole in the ratio 14 was 0.0372 mg/liter, and the cotoxicity coefficient was 160.14. Under an environmentally controlled pot assay, seed treatment with the mixture of fludioxonil and difenoconazole in the 14 ratio demonstrated the best control efficiency at seedling and adult stages, respectively. The best synergistic mixture on seed treatment was assessed in a 2-year field experiment at Hebei, China. The best control efficacy achieved at the seedling and adult stages was 82.65% and 68.48%, respectively. Overall, the in vitro mycelial growth inhibition assay and controlled-environment and field studies indicated that the synergistic action of a mixture of fludioxonil and difenoconazole provides effective control against wheat CRR. These findings highlight the potential application of the fungicide combination for controlling CRR and reducing the selection pressure on fungal pathogens by lessening the use of various fungicides in the field.’Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ (CLas) is an unculturable phloem-restricted α-proteobacterium associated with huanglongbing (HLB). Here, we provide the genome sequence of CLas strain CoFLP1 from its insect vector Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera Liviidae) collected in the department of La Guajira, Colombia. The CoFLP1 strain is composed of 1,231,639 bp with G+C 36.5% content. This study reports the first CLas genome sequence from Colombia, which will add to CLas genome resources and help to elucidate our understanding of the introduction pathway of HLB in South America.Gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea is one of the most important diseases in tomato. It can be controlled effectively by demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicides, but their resistance status after long-term use in the field is unclear. The baseline sensitivity to difenoconazole of 142 B. cinerea isolates from China with no history of DMI usage was characterized, with a mean effective concentration for 50% mycelial growth inhibition (EC50) of 0.97 ± 0.50 μg/ml. EC50 values for difenoconazole sensitivity of another 248 isolates collected in 2011 and 2016 ranged from 0.04 to 11.99 μg/ml, and the frequency of difenoconazole sensitivity formed a nonnormal distribution curve. Detached fruit studies revealed that isolates with EC50 values of approximately 6.00 μg/ml were not controlled effectively. The mean EC50 of the resistant isolates changed from 6.74 to 8.65 μg/ml between 2011 and 2016. Positive cross-resistance was only observed between difenoconazole and two DMIs. One dual resistant isolate and one triple resistant isolate were found among the difenoconazole-resistant isolates collected in 2016, associated with point mutations in corresponding target proteins of the fungicides azoxystrobin and fludioxonil. This indicated that B. cinerea not only showed higher difenoconazole resistance levels but gradually changed from single to multiple fungicide resistance over time. No amino acid variation was found in the CYP51 protein. In the absence of difenoconazole, the relative expression of CYP51 was not significantly different in sensitive and resistant isolates. Induced expression of CYP51 is an important determinant of DMI resistance in B. cinerea from tomato. However, nucleotide variants found in the upstream region had no association with the fungicide resistance phenotype. These results will be helpful for the management of B. cinerea in the field.Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important oil crop – mainly in Shandong and Henan Provinces, in China. In 2018-2019, the occurrence of a black spot disease on the leaves and stems were found in two fields (a total of 10 ha) in Niulingguanzhuang village of Yishui county in Linyi, Shandong Province, China, and 20% to 40% of plants were infected, thereby reducing the amount of marketable product. Natural symptoms were circular, dark brown-to-black lesions (2-6 mm in diameter) and coalescent necrosis on leaves and black necrosis in stems. Six symptomatic leaves and stems collected from six plants of two fields, were used for isolation. Portions of infected tissue were surfaced-sterilized with 0.5% NaClO for two minutes, 70% alcohol for 30 seconds and washed twice with sterile water. The tissues were placed on potato dextrose agar (PDA) at 28℃ for 5 days. Felt or fleece forming colonies about 4 cm in diameter that were circular, flat, and with dark center and white narrow margins were formed. Three isolates (LSng necessary control meatures.Salix babylonica L. (weeping willow) is an important ornamental tree commonly planted in China. Since 2018, a new disease with a high incidence has been observed on S. babylonica at the campus of Nanjing Forestry University (NFU), Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. The symptoms began as small dark brown lesions formed along the leaf margins and tips; and later became gray to brown in the center with dark brown borders. Small samples (3 to 4 mm2) from the lesion margins were surface-sterilized with 75% ethanol for 30 s and 1% NaClO for 90 s. Subsequently samples were, rinsed with sterile H2O, plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and incubated at 25°C. The same fungus was isolated in 95% of the samples. Pure cultures were obtained by monosporic isolation. Ruboxistaurin mw A representative isolate, NFS1 was used for morphological and molecular characterization and deposited in China’s Forestry Culture Collection Center (cfcc 54212). On PDA, colonies were initially white and gradually became grayish-green to dark gray from the center to the edge.