It also sheds light on the limitations of this study tools used by the published studies not specifically designed for Pakistan and there is no standardized definition of violence against women. Selleck TGF-beta inhibitor This calls for more studies to be conducted to help find a solution.

The evidence generated will help notify policy-makers and health officials about the determinants and effects of intimate partner violence, making it easier to address these issues and identify victims as early as possible. It also sheds light on the limitations of this study tools used by the published studies not specifically designed for Pakistan and there is no standardized definition of violence against women. This calls for more studies to be conducted to help find a solution.

A reliable and valid tool to assess hearing health literacy in Iranian young people is lacking.

This study aimed to develop a tool to assess the hearing health literacy of young people in the Islamic Republic of Iran and to use the tool to determine the hearing health literacy of a sample of Iranians aged 12-25 years.

A questionnaire was designed with three skill sections obtaining health information, evaluating this information and applying it to benefit health. The validity and reliability of the tool were determined. Cluster sampling was used to select 50 urban clusters across the country from which 5000 Iranians aged between 12-25 years old were selected to complete the questionnaire.

The final questionnaire had 22 items with scores ranging from 22 to 44. The Cronbach alpha was 0.65, and content validity ratio and index were 0.92 and 0.82, respectively. Of the 5000 questionnaires completed, 4890 were included in the analysis. The mean (standard deviation (SD)) age of the participants was 17 (SD 3) years and 45.9% were males. The mean score on the tool was 30.81 (SD 3.75), indicating inadequate health literacy (score 22-36). Only 137 (2.8%) participants had adequate health literacy (score 37-44). Statistically significant differences in mean hearing health literacy were seen for sex, age, years of education, occupation, marital status and income (P < 0.05).

Given the low level of hearing health literacy in Iranian young people, programmes to improve the ear and hearing health literacy are urgently needed.

Given the low level of hearing health literacy in Iranian young people, programmes to improve the ear and hearing health literacy are urgently needed.

Quality and patient safety are essential for the provision of effective health care services. Research on these aspects is lacking in settings of extreme adversity.

This study aimed to explore the perception of health care stakeholders working in extreme adversity settings of the quality of health care and patient safety.

This was a qualitative study conducted through semistructured interviews with 26 health care stakeholders from seven countries of the World Health Organization’s Eastern Mediterranean Region which are experiencing emergencies. The interviews explored the respondents’ perspectives of four aspects of quality and patient safety definition of the quality of health care, challenges to the provision of good quality health care in emergency settings, priority health services and populations in emergency settings, and interventions to improve health care quality and patient safety.

The participants emphasized that saving lives was the main priority in extreme adversity settings. While all people living in emergency situations were vulnerable and at risk, the respondents considered women and children, poor and disabled people, and those living in hard-to-reach areas the priority populations to be targeted by improvement interventions. The challenges to quality of health care were financing problems, service inaccessibility, insecurity of health workers, break down in health systems, and inadequate infrastructure. Respondents proposed interventions to improve quality, however, their effective implementation remains challenging in these exceptional settings.

The interventions identified can serve as a basis for improvements in health care quality that could be adapted to extreme adversity settings.

The interventions identified can serve as a basis for improvements in health care quality that could be adapted to extreme adversity settings.

The exact burden of varicella is not well quantified in Jordan.

This study aimed to estimate the varicella burden in paediatric patients in Jordan who sought care in a hospital-based setting.

This was a multicentre, retrospective review of medical records of patients aged 0-14 years with a primary varicella diagnosis in Jordan between 2013 and 2018. The data assessed were use of health care resources for varicella (outpatient and inpatient visits, tests and procedures, and medication use), and clinical complications of the infection. Estimated costs were based on health care resources used (direct costs) and lost revenue to the child’s caregiver (indirect costs) for outpatients and inpatients.

In total, 140 children with varicella were included 78 outpatients, mean age (standard deviation) 4.4 (3.2) years, and 62 inpatients, mean age 4.0 (3.8) years. No outpatients had varicella-related complications, while 32 (52%) inpatients had ≥ 1 complication. The use of health care resources was higher for inpatients than outpatients, including prescription medication use – 94% of inpatients versus 6% of outpatients. Total costs of varicella were estimated at US$ 66.1 (95% CI 64.1-68.1) per outpatient and US$ 914.7 (95% CI 455.6-1373.9) per inpatient.

Varicella is associated with considerable use of health care resources in Jordan and may be responsible for annual costs of US$ 11.5 million. These results support universal varicella vaccination in Jordan.

Varicella is associated with considerable use of health care resources in Jordan and may be responsible for annual costs of US$ 11.5 million. These results support universal varicella vaccination in Jordan.

Iodine uptake is a main factor affecting thyroid disease. In Turkey, mandatory salt iodization began in 1999-2000.

This study in 2009 determined the prevalence of thyroid diseases in older people in Mamak district, Ankara after iodization to ascertain if salt iodization alone is sufficient to reach adequate iodine levels in the older population.

All Mamak residents ≥ 65 years were eligible for inclusion in the study. Demographic data and medical history were recorded. All participants had a thyroid ultrasound. Blood samples were taken to assess thyroid function and autoantibodies, and urine samples to assess iodine concentration. Participants with low levels of thyroid stimulating hormone underwent scintigraphy to assess thyroid uptake. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy was done of nodules ≥ 1.5 cm where thyroid stimulating hormone was not suppressed.

Of 1200 eligible residents, 979 were included. Their mean age was 70.9 (standard deviation (SD) 5.7) years; 49.7% were women. Mean urinary iodine concentration was 98 (SD 81.