This work draws attention to the inevitability of proper TC sludge management. This paper also gives insight into the limitations of TCs related research and the future scope of research in environmental contamination by TCs residues.Overuse of antibiotics in animal husbandry has led to an increase of antibiotic resistance microorganisms as well as antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs). Duck farming in China is practiced on a large and diverse scale and the overuse of antibiotics in this field is gaining attention recently. We evaluated the diversity of ARGs from five duck farms using a functional metagenomic approach and constructed five libraries. A total of seventy-six resistant determinants were identified, of which sixty-one were gene variants or novel genes. The novel genes contained five β-lactamase-encoding genes designated as blaDWA1, blaDWA2, blaDWA3, blaDWA4 and blaDWB1, respectively, and two genes conferring resistance to fosfomycin designated as fosA-like1 and fosA-like2. Three of the five β-lactamase-encoding genes were further identified as extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) that can hydrolyze both penicillins and cephalosporins. Besides, two of the five β-lactamase-encoding genes were associated with mobile genetic elements, indicating a high potential for transfer of the genes to other bacterial hosts. The two novel fosA-like genes were able to increase the MICs of the test Escherichia coli strain from 2 μg/mL to as high as 256 μg/mL(up to 128-fold increase). Our study provides a reference for ARGs prevalence in duck farm wastes and implies that they are an important resistome reservoir, especially for novel ARGs with high spread potential.This study investigated the indoor air quality (IAQ) during humid season in an old badminton hall, to explore the IAQ characteristics of natural ventilated sports buildings for public use. The indoor air parameters (temperature, relative humidity and air velocity) and indoor air pollutants (CO2, TVOC, PM2.5 and PM10) were measured. A subjective approach was carried out through questionnaire survey. 185 valid questionnaires were recovered, and 68.7% of the participants had exercised. Results show that the indoor air qualities obtained through objective and subjective approaches were obviously different. Indoor PM, TVOC and CO2 concentrations were normal, but 37.3% of the participants complained about the building materials’ smell and 73.5% of the participants reported obvious sweaty odor. Physical activity might reduce a person’s sensitivity to the environment. The participants generally felt warm and hot because of the high relative humidity. Post-exercise participants felt significantly hotter than those who did not exercise, and were generally more receptive to IAQ. The method of Fanger was employed to narrow the gap between subjective and objective approaches with a modified parameter, and to furtherly estimate the ventilation. The present study demonstrates the necessity to combine two approaches together to assess the IAQ in sports buildings.Urban development has significantly modified the surface thermal environment in urban areas. This study provides the first attempt to characterize the urban development imprint on surface thermal environment for 323 cities across the entire country of China, using an intra-urban perspective. Specifically, it investigates the variation of surface thermal environment in terms of land surface temperature (LST) difference triggered by significant urban evolution of intra-urban division containing two primary classes old urban areas developed by 1992 and new ones expanded in the 1992-2015 period. Under this “old-new” dichotomy, the relationship between urban development and the LST difference is explored through Multi-scale Geographically Weighted Regression (MGWR). Results reveal that urban development is closely related to the difference in LST between old and new urban areas in 2015, which varies from -2.66 °C to 2.46 °C, up to -6.27 °C in western China. 264 cities manifest relatively “cooler” urban environmentrming.Using long-term time series of meteorological and water-column parameters, the dynamics of two lakes separated by about 500 m from each other by a central lava dome, located at 4207 m above sea level in the volcano crater of Nevado de Toluca, Mexico were explored. Because of the strong wind-forcing previously measured on the volcano slope and the proximity of the lakes, wind-mixing was expected, with similar dynamics in both lakes. However, the meteorological parameters in the crater were significantly different than on the slope of the volcano, due to the dome and the high walls of the crater, which weakened wind speeds, modified wind direction, and reduced exposure to solar radiation by almost 20% in the crater compared to on the volcano slope. Selleckchem Rimiducid The rate and depth of thermal penetration into each lake differed by an order of magnitude, related with differential insolation due to crater wall shading, along with differences in transparency, most likely due to differential algal growth and suspended matter. At times, rapid surface cooling occurred during periods of reduced insolation and calm winds, leading to strong vertical convection and the formation of a characteristic step profile in the water column rather than the predicted wind mixing. These results are important for interdisciplinary studies of these and other alpine lakes and, in particular for biophysical coupling in these unique hydrological systems.Cation exchange is one of the dominant mechanisms in the adsorption of cationic ammonium nitrogen (NH4+) from water. In this study, we focus on the role of counter cations in cation exchange process of NH4+ to enhance the adsorption capacity. Five amorphous titanates namely lithium titanate (LiT), sodium titanate (NaT), potassium titanate (KT), strontium titanate (SrT) and barium titanate (BaT) with different counter cation were facilely synthesized. The adsorption performance for NH4+ by these samples is in the order of LiT> NaT > KT> > SrT > BaT. The maximum adsorption capacity of LiT calculated by Langmuir is as high as 50.31 mg·g-1. According to the experimental results and theoretical analysis, the electrostatic interaction between counter ions (cations in framework or eternal solution) and charged framework (fixed ions) is the main influence factor during cation exchange process in general. The cation valence and the hydrated ionic radius of the counter ions can inversely affect the ion exchange equilibrium and the affinity of counter ions to titanates.