Future research should consider these values as they affect different familial and health dynamics.The COVID-19 pandemic caused strong restrictions in organized sports. Specifically, adolescent athletes, whose daily routine is usually determined by school and practice schedules, experienced a sudden lifestyle change. The aim of this study was to examine sleep and training patterns of German elite adolescent basketball players (N = 115, 15.70 ± 1.22 years, female = 32.17%) during different phases of the 2021 lockdown. Sleep and training behavior were documented by a subjective monitoring over 10 days at three different lockdown phases in February, April, and June/July. A linear mixed model approach was conducted for the statistical analyses. Sleep duration and time in bed decreased between phase 1 (prohibition of organized sports) and phase 3 (normal training conditions), while sleep efficiency and quality increased. There was no change in training duration over time, but in training intensity, which peaked in the third phase. This study contains meaningful evidence to analyze the lockdown-related return to practice process. Athletes were able to maintain training duration with alternative protocols during pandemic conditions. Interestingly, athletes slept less under non-lockdown conditions, but reported a better sleep quality. It is recommended to consider athletes’ individual preferences when planning training and recovery schedules.

To compare the clinical efficacy between personalised 3-dimensional (3D) printed osteotomy and traditional osteotomy in periacetabular osteotomy (PAO).

Twenty-two patients with acetabular dysplasia were randomly divided into a personalised 3D-printed osteotomy group and a traditional osteotomy group without 3D printing assistance. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, X-ray frequency, quantity of postoperative drainage, postoperative transfusion rate, hip angle and Harris hip score of 6 months postoperative were studied and compared to evaluate the surgical efficacy between personalised 3D-printed osteotomy and traditional osteotomy in periacetabular osteotomy.

The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, X-ray frequency, postoperative 24 h drainage volume in the personalised 3D-printed osteotomy group (114.70 ± 2.21 min, 639.70 ± 5.00 mL, 11.82 ± 0.42 times, 231.20 ± 3.86 mL) was superior to the traditional group (150.40 ± 2.45 min, 850.50 ± 5.34 mL, 17.09 ± 0.39 times, 324.30 ± 4.06 mL). There was a statistically significant difference between the 3D-printed osteotomy group and the traditional osteotomy group in terms of the operation time, intraoperative blood loss, X-ray frequency and postoperative 24 h drainage volume (

 < 0.05). And there were no substantial differences in the hip angle and the 6-month postoperative Harris hip score between the two groups (

 > 0.05).

The 3D-printed osteotomy template for PAO is a valid method and its short-term clinical effect is superior to that of traditional osteotomy.

The 3D-printed osteotomy template for PAO is a valid method and its short-term clinical effect is superior to that of traditional osteotomy.Implantable bonebridge（BB） is suitable for patients over 5 years with conductive/mixed hearing loss and unilateral deafness, and the surgical approach depends on the anatomical structure of the patient’s ear. Recent studies have shown that compared with other implantable hearing devices, implantable BB have more efficient hearing gain and lower incidence of complications. However, the postoperative effect of implantable BB on unilateral deafness patients and the poor compensation of low-frequency hearing threshold need to be further studied. This article reviews the clinical research on implantable BB, so as to provide some reference for clinicians to select hearing devices for patients individually.Laryngeal cancer is one of the most common malignant cancer of the head and neck. Concurrent chemoradiotherapy is considered by the NCCN guideline to be the most effective organ protection strategy for locally advanced laryngeal cancer, which can preserve the larynx without reducing the survival rate of patients. Patients with non-T4 （T1-3） and high lymph node burden （N2-3） laryngeal cancer can benefit from concurrent chemoradiotherapy, which are more suitable for concurrent chemoradiotherapy than locally advanced laryngeal cancer with other stages. The indications of concurrent chemoradiotherapy were further discussed in this paper.This paper reported a case of a large septal polyp with central calcification. Nasal endoscopy revealed an irregular lobular mass, yellow and smooth, extending from posterior septum to nasopharynx. CT scan revealed a large nasal and nasopharyngeal mass, closely related to the septum, with ossification in the center. This mass was excised by endoscopic surgery and proved to be typical ossification of nasal polyps.When the Eustachian tube is dysfunctional, the external air cannot enter the middle ear, resulting in a negative pressure state in the middle ear, which can cause a series of pathological changes in the middle ear. In this paper, 13 patients with recurrence of otitis media after balloon dilatation of the Eustachian tube were treated with stenting in the Eustachian tube for Eustachian tube dysfunction with satisfactory results, and this method can provide a reference for the clinical treatment of Eustachian tube dysfunction.Due to the deep location and complex anatomy of the parapharyngeal space, the exploration of improved surgical approach for tumors in the parapharyngeal space is one of the hotspots in the head and neck surgery in recent years. Transoral endoscopic approach has the advantages of small trauma and short path, which is gradually widely used in the resection of tumors in the parapharyngeal space. However, due to the limited operation space and the difficulty of tumor exposure, it is laborious to operate through transoral approach, and the risk control is rather critical. The transoral endoscopic parapterygomandibular ligament internal approach can fully expose the upper and lower poles of tumors in the parapharyngeal space, and avoid damage to the greater and lesser palatine nerve and blood vessels. This surgical approach has a satisfactory protective effect on the sensory function of oral and soft palate mucosa, as well as the tensor velum palatine muscle and levator velum palatine muscle with less surgical trauma and fewer postoperative complications.Objective To investigate the characteristics of air-conducted sound cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential （ACS-cVEMP） and bone-conducted vibration cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential （BCV-cVEMP） in healthy preschool children, and to provide the normal reference range of VEMP for preschool children in China. MethodsForty-four normal-hearing children （88 ears） aged 3-7 years were recruited to undergo ACS-cVEMP and BCV-cVEMP determination. These children were divided into two groups according to age 3-4 years old group （ 17 cases, 34 ears） and 5-7 years old group （ 27 cases, 54 ears）. The response rates and waveform parameters were recorded and analyzed statistically using SPSS 18.0 software. ResultsThe response rates of ACS-cVEMP, BCV-cVEMP in 44 normal-hearing children （88 ears） were 96.59％（85/88） and 97.73％（86/88） respectively, and there was no significant difference between the two groups （P > 0.05）. The response rates of ACS-cVEMP in 3-4 year old group and 5-7 year old group were 94.12% （32/34） and 98.15% （53/54） respectively, and there was no significant difference between the two groups（P>0.05）; The response rates of BCV-cVEMP in 3-4 year old group and 5-7 year old group were 94.12% （32/34） and 100.00%（54/54） respectively, and there was no significant difference between the two groups （P>0.05）. Compared with the 5-7 year old group, the latency of p1 and n1 in the 3-4 year old group was shorter （P0.05）. ConclusionACS-cVEMP and BCV-cVEMP can be elicited in most preschool children, and cVEMP is a feasible method to detect vestibular function in children.Objective To explore the value of adding 1 kHz cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential（cVEMP） and ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential（oVEMP） in the auxiliary diagnosis of unilateral vestibular hypofunction. Kartogenin concentration MethodsA retrospective analysis of 84 patients with unilateral vestibular hypofunction receiving two or more vestibular function tests was conducted,29 cases of unilateral Ménière’s disease, 27 cases of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo （BPPV）, 8 cases of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss （ISSHL） with vertigo, and 20 cases of ISSHL without vertigo were included. SPSS 25.0 software was used for statistical analysis to observe the difference of frequency amplitude ratio （FAR） at 500 Hz/1 kHz of cVEMP and oVEMP between the experimental and control groups. Results①The cVEMP elicitation rates were 95.24% （80/84） and 98.81% （83/84） for 500 Hz and 1 kHz, respectively; and the oVEMP elicitation rates were 78.57% （66/84） and 91.67% （77/84） for 500 Hz and 1 kHz, respectively. ②Except for the lateral difference of FAR in oVEMP of the posterior semicircular canal BPPV group and cVEMP of the horizontal semicircular canal BPPV group （P0.05）. ConclusionIn patients with unilateral vestibular hypofunction, cVEMP and oVEMP showed different frequency tuning changes in different semicircular canal BPPV groups. Additionally, 1 kHz cVEMP and oVEMP as regular stimulation frequencies in clinical test, which has certain clinical reference significance for determining the diagnosis and prognosis of BPPV on the weak ear and in different semicircular canal involvement.ObjectiveThe three-dimensional direction feature of torsional nystagmus induced by posterior semicircular canal canalithasis （PSC-Can） was recorded and analyzed using three-dimensional video nystagmography （3D-VNG）. MethodsSixty patients （22 on the left side and 38 on the right side） with PSC-Can were enrolled for torsional nystagmus evoked by Dix-Hallpike test in the affected-side head-hanging and sitting positions, and the direction characteristics of the horizontal, vertical and torsional components were analyzed. ResultsVertical torsional nystagmus was induced in 60 PSC-Can patients in the head-hanging and sitting positions evoked by Dix-Hallpike test, respectively. Horizontal, vertical, and torsional components of were presented in the 3D-VNG. In the head-hanging position, the direction of horizontal component in the left/right PSC-Can nystagmus was contralateral in 46 cases（the other 14 cases were ipsilateral）, the vertical component was upward, and the torsional component was upward/downward, respectively. The intensity of nystagmus induced in the three components in the sitting position is weaker than in the head-hanging position, and the direction of nystagmus was reversed in both vertical and torsional components compared with the head-hanging position. However, the direction of the horizontal component was reversed in 39 cases and not reversed in 21 cases in the sitting position. ConclusionThe horizontal, vertical and torsional components of the torsional nystagmus in PSC-Can patients recorded by 3D-VNG, which provided more comprehensive and objective information for the analysis of PSC-Can and the study of semicircular canal physiological function.