The purpose of this study was to assess the vestibular and oculomotor function in patients with vestibular migraine (VM). And we also investigate the relationship between testing results and effectiveness of preventive medications in VM.

41 patients with VM were recruited in this study and examined with cervical and ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential(cVEMP, oVEMP), video head impulse test(vHIT), caloric test and videonystagmography. All patients were treated with preventive medications. We calculated symptomatic improvement and record episodes frequency in patients with VM. Six months later, the effectiveness of preventive medications were evaluated and the relationship between vestibular testing and effectiveness of preventive medications were analyzed further.

In vestibular function testing, 73% of patients with VM showed abnormal results. Abnormal cVEMP, oVEMP, vHIT, and caloric test were found in 20%, 44%, 32% and 56% respectively. The abnormal rate of oVEMP was significantly higher than that of cVEMP(p<0.05). And the proportion of abnormal caloric test was obviously higher than that of vHIT (p<0.05). this website In oculomotor function testing, 42% of the patients with VM showed pathological results which was significantly lower than that of vestibular function testing(p<0.05). After 6months follow-up, the proportion of prophylactic medication effectiveness was significantly higher in normal vestibular function testing group compared with the abnormal group (p<0.05).

Abnormal vestibular and oculomotor functions are commonly observed in patients with VM. And these patients with abnormal vestibular function possess a weak effectiveness of preventive medications.

Abnormal vestibular and oculomotor functions are commonly observed in patients with VM. And these patients with abnormal vestibular function possess a weak effectiveness of preventive medications.

Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors, glucose-lowering drugs that increase urinary glucose excretion, have been shown to reduce CV events in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), despite the fact that these agents increase blood levels of the proatherogenic low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). It has been hypothesized that hemoconcentration due to osmotic diuresis, effects on calculated LDL particle size, or a modulation of lipoprotein subfractions may play a role in this context but to date the underlying mechanisms remain largely unexplored. Therefore, the present study examined effects of empagliflozin on LDL-C and lipoprotein subfractions including calculated LDL particle size and composition.

In this placebo-controlled, randomized, double blind study, patients with T2D were randomized to empagliflozin 10mg (n=20) or placebo (n=22). Composition of lipoprotein subfractions was assessed before and after 3 months of treatment. Lipoproteins were separated using a combined ultracentrifugation-precipitation method (β-quantification).

Empagliflozin increased LDL-C after 3 months of treatment (from baseline 103±36mg/dL to 112±47mg/dL; p< 0.001) while no difference was recorded after day 1 or day 3 of treatment. The increase of LDL-C was paralleled by an increase of total cholesterol (baseline 169±41mg/dL, 3 months 185±48mg/dL; p= 0.001). Analyses of lipoprotein subfractions revealed LDL phospholipids and LDL apolipoprotein B to be increased by empagliflozin after 3 months of treatment while calculated LDL particle size was not affected. In addition empagliflozin increased free fatty acid concentrations.

Empagliflozin treatment of patients with T2D increased LDL-C and LDL apolipoprotein B levels but had no effect on calculated LDL particle size.

Empagliflozin treatment of patients with T2D increased LDL-C and LDL apolipoprotein B levels but had no effect on calculated LDL particle size.

We aimed to evaluate the effects of serum testosterone, obesity and their interaction on blood pressure (BP) parameters and hypertension among Chinese rural adults.

A total of 6199 adults were recruited from the Henan Rural Cohort Study. Serum testosterone was measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Logistic regression and linear regression were used to evaluate the association between testosterone, hypertension and BP parameters (including systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), pulse pressure (PP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP)). A generalized linear model was performed to identify the interactive effects of testosterone and obesity on hypertension.

High levels of serum testosterone were associated with a lower prevalence of hypertension in males (odds ratio (OR) 0.69, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.53, 0.89). After stratification by obesity, observed associations were only found in non-obese males. Each one-unit increase in ln-testosterone was associated with a 1.23mmHg decrease in SBP, 0.97mmHg decrease in DBP, and 1.05mmHg decrease in MAP among males. Moreover, interactive effects between testosterone and obesity on hypertension and BP parameters were found, indicating that protective effects of serum testosterone on hypertension and BP parameters were counteracted and accompanied by increased values of obesity-related indicators in males, and additional testosterone increased BP parameters and prevalence of hypertension at high levels of waist-to-hip ratio and waist-to-height ratio in females.

Elevated levels of serum testosterone were associated with decreased BP parameters and prevalent hypertension in males, and obesity modifying effects of serum testosterone on BP parameters and hypertension.

Elevated levels of serum testosterone were associated with decreased BP parameters and prevalent hypertension in males, and obesity modifying effects of serum testosterone on BP parameters and hypertension.

Inflammation is a pathophysiological mechanism of atherosclerosis, and several mediators have been proposed as biomarkers. Acute-phase serum glycoproteins are upregulated in the liver during systemic inflammation. Because of their unique biochemical characteristics, they can be measured by

H-NMR, and their role as subclinical inflammation markers is under clinical evaluation. We aimed to assess the clinical value of plasma glycoproteins in familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) patients.

We recruited 295 FH patients (75.6% with FH-associated genetic variants). At baseline, a full glycoprotein profile, glycoprotein A and B (GlycA and B) concentrations and their height and width ratios (H/W) were analysed by

H-NMR. A carotid artery ultrasound study was performed at baseline and prospectively at the 5-year follow-up in 144 FH patients.

At baseline, the GlycA and GlycB concentrations and their H/W ratios were correlated with lipid profile and adiposity parameters, with the correlation between the GlycA and triglyceride concentrations (r=0.