However, midwives and obstetricians sometimes experienced CBDs interfering with their professional assessments and decisions and the role of the CBD was somewhat unclear to them.

Community-based bilingual doula support was viewed as improving migrant women’s well-being during labour and birth and as increasing the possibilities for midwives and obstetricians to provide good and safe care, however, some ambivalence remained about the CBD’s role and boundaries.

Community-based bilingual doula support was viewed as improving migrant women’s well-being during labour and birth and as increasing the possibilities for midwives and obstetricians to provide good and safe care, however, some ambivalence remained about the CBD’s role and boundaries.

Homelessness is a compelling public health problem, and homeless individuals are at increased risk for attempting suicide. However, the reported lifetime prevalence of suicidal attempt among homeless individuals in North America varied considerably. Therefore, this meta-analysis aimed to estimate the pooled lifetime prevalence of suicidal attempt among homeless individuals in North America and explore factors that may moderate this estimation.

The protocol was registered in PROSPERO database (CRD42018102593). A systematic literature search was conducted in the electronic databases of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar. Observational studies exploring the lifetime prevalence of suicidal attempt among homeless individuals in North America were included. Heterogeneity across studies was evaluated using the Cochran Q test and quantified using the I

statistic. Subgroup analyses were performed to identify possible sources of heterogeneity.

Twenty-two eligible studies with a total of 9,727 homeless individuals were included, of which 2,986 reported having attempted suicide in their lifetime. A high degree of heterogeneity (I

=96.4%, P<0.001) was observed, and the pooled lifetime prevalence was 31.83% (95% confidence interval 26.87%-36.99%). Subgroup analyses showed that the heterogeneity was quite low when estimating the pooled lifetime prevalence of suicidal attempt among heterosexual (I

=0.0, P=0.401) and non-heterosexual homeless individuals (I

=0.0, P=0.405).

All eligible studies were exclusively conducted in the US and Canada.

Nearly three tenths of homeless individuals in North America have attempted suicide in their lifetime, and the differences in sexual orientation might have contributed to the heterogeneity.

Nearly three tenths of homeless individuals in North America have attempted suicide in their lifetime, and the differences in sexual orientation might have contributed to the heterogeneity.

The aims of this study were to (1) compare differences in psychiatric comorbidity of depression and anxiety disorders between immigrants and native Finns and to (2) compare differences in the intensity of psychiatric care received by different immigrant groups and Finnish-born controls with depression and/or anxiety disorders.

The study uses registered-based data, which includes all immigrants living in Finland at the end of 2010 and matched Finnish-born controls. For this study, we selected individuals who had received a diagnosis of depression and/or an anxiety disorder during the follow-up (2011-2015) (immigrants n=6542, Finnish-born controls n=9281). We compared differences in comorbidity between the immigrants and the Finnish-born controls using chi-squared tests. Multinomial logistic regression was used to predict psychiatric treatment intensity by immigrant status, region of origin, and other background factors.

In both diagnosis groups, Finnish-born participants exhibited greater comorbidity of other psychiatric disorders. Immigrants more often received lower intensity treatment and less often higher intensity treatment. These differences were most striking among those from Eastern Europe, the Middle East, and Africa.

We did not have the information on the perceived need for the services, which limits us from drawing further conclusions about the mechanisms behind the observed patterns.

Immigrants in Finland receive less intensive treatment for depression and anxiety disorders compared to the Finnish-born population. Since lower symptom levels can unlikely alone explain these differences, they could reflect a need for improvement in the psychiatric services for immigrants.

Immigrants in Finland receive less intensive treatment for depression and anxiety disorders compared to the Finnish-born population. see more Since lower symptom levels can unlikely alone explain these differences, they could reflect a need for improvement in the psychiatric services for immigrants.

Cytokines are involved in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD) and treatment response. Efforts have been made to identify inflammatory markers but results are often contradictory. The present study explored the plasma levels of multiple cytokines in first-episode MDD using a longitudinal design, with the aim to determine the involvement of cytokines in depression and identify the inflammatory markers.

Fifty-four first-episode drug naïve MDD patients and 60 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled in this study. The 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17) was administered and blood samples were collected at baseline and four-week posttreatment in MDD group, while blood samples were only collected once in HC group. Plasma levels of nineteen cytokines were examined by a multiplexed flow cytometric assay.

Sixteen out of 19 cytokines levels in MDD group were significantly higher than those in HC group (all P < 0.05). After 4-week of antidepressant treatment, levels of the 14 cytokines elevated at baseline decreased to normal levels (all P < 0.05). Partial correlation showed that baseline level of interferon-inducible T cell alpha chemoattractant (ITAC) was negatively correlated with reduction in HAMD-17 score (r=-0.319, p=0.020), and multiple regression showed lower baseline ITAC level was associated with better treatment response (p=0.020).

The sample size was relatively small.

A range of cytokines were abnormal in patients with first-episode drug naïve MDD and most of the cytokines could be normalized after antidepressant treatment. Furthermore, baseline ITAC level could be a predictive factor of antidepressant response.

A range of cytokines were abnormal in patients with first-episode drug naïve MDD and most of the cytokines could be normalized after antidepressant treatment. Furthermore, baseline ITAC level could be a predictive factor of antidepressant response.