Whitefly Bemisia tabaci is a phloem-feeding insect and causes extensive agricultural damage around the world. Although the parasitic wasp Encarsia formosa is widely used to control B. tabaci on glasshouse tomatoes, low efficiency and discontinuity are frequently recorded. selleck products It has been well-documented that herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) are important cues in the foraging behavior of the natural enemies of herbivores. However, the volatiles emitted from tomatoes infested by different developmental stages of B. tabaci (nymphs versus adults) have not been compared in terms of their effects on E. formosa attraction.

Olfactometer assays with four tomato cultivars revealed that the E. formosa wasps showed a significant attraction to the volatiles from adult-infested plants (except for cv. Castlemart), but not to those from nymph-infested plants. In a close-range habitat, however, the wasps appeared to use visual or tactile cues derived from nymphs for host location. Volatile analyses and behavioral assays showed that wasp attraction was correlated with enhanced β-myrcene and β-caryophyllene emissions from adult-infested plants. Furthermore, the use of B. tabaci adult-induced plant cues under glasshouse conditions resulted in a higher parasitism rate by this parasitoid.

Our findings confirm that E. formosa uses the HIPVs resulting from feeding of B. tabaci adults to locate host habitat. Release of β-myrcene and β-caryophyllene from dispensers may enhance the efficacy of E. formosa as a biological control agent against B. tabaci in glasshouse production systems.

Our findings confirm that E. formosa uses the HIPVs resulting from feeding of B. tabaci adults to locate host habitat. Release of β-myrcene and β-caryophyllene from dispensers may enhance the efficacy of E. formosa as a biological control agent against B. tabaci in glasshouse production systems.

To identify lessons learned from haemophilia care experience in Wuhan (COVID-19 outbreak epicenter in China) and Tianjin (with relatively low COVID-19 incidence) in the pandemic.

We compared the challenges in haemophilia management attributed to local COVID-19 containment policies, healthcare resource availability, clotting factors supply, daily living restrictions and coping strategies employed.

Wuhan was in lockdown with strict traffic controls, enforced quarantine and overwhelmed resources. Tianjin was in relatively relaxed countermeasures to COVID-19. In Wuhan, haemophilia treatment (for bleeding, prophylaxis, multidisciplinary team care, immune tolerance induction) and patient education were severely affected, while the challenges in Tianjin were less. In both cities, patients’ fear for COVID-19 infection also affected their management. Coping strategy in Wuhan included channelling of clotting factors supply from hospitals to nine pharmacies; timely transfers of in-need patients to healthcare facilation policies, daily living restrictions and resource availability.

Thy3a (AUS/FLUS) is an indeterminate and heterogeneous category in thyroid cytology. Thy3a reporting rates vary widely, with many laboratories documenting overuse. Subclassification of Thy3a helps with risk stratification. We aimed to investigate whether subclassification can also help address Thy3a overuse. We compare the UK reporting system with other terminologies.

An audit of thyroid fine needle aspirations (FNAs) reported at our institution between 2012 and 2017 was performed. Thy3a FNAs followed by histology were reviewed and subcategorised into four subgroups Scanty Atypia (SA), Scanty Microfollicular (SMF), Favour Benign (FB) and Thyroiditis versus Neoplasm (TVN). Review and subclassification were blinded to histology outcomes. FNAs were correlated with histology and statistical analysis was performed.

Our Thy3a rate was high (24% of all thyroid FNAs). For 336 Thy3a FNAs with histology, the malignancy rates of the four subgroups were SA 68%, SMF 20%, FB 4%, TVN 31%. There were significant associations between subgroup and malignancy risk, and between subgroup and tumour risk. On histology, SA had more malignancies than expected and FB had fewer. SA and SMF had more tumours than expected and FB had fewer. SMF and Thy3f FNAs were similar in terms of tumour and malignancy outcomes.

Subclassification of Thy3a FNAs into these four subgroups is recommended. This can improve risk stratification and help address overuse of Thy3a. We propose that some FB and SMF cases could be safely diverted to Thy2 and Thy3f respectively. We compare various reporting terminologies and question how indeterminate FNAs should be classified.

Subclassification of Thy3a FNAs into these four subgroups is recommended. This can improve risk stratification and help address overuse of Thy3a. We propose that some FB and SMF cases could be safely diverted to Thy2 and Thy3f respectively. We compare various reporting terminologies and question how indeterminate FNAs should be classified.

We performed a retrospective analysis of the “Thrombolysis Implementation and Monitor of Acute Ischemic Stroke in China (TIMS-China)” registry to explore the benefit and risk of intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) followed by intravenous heparin (IVH) in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients.

In the TIMS-China database, the patients who received IVH immediately after IVT (Early IVH group) and those who initiated antithrombotic therapy (ATT) until 24hr after IVT (Standard ATT group) were screened for this comparison. Propensity score (PS) matching was performed between both groups. The logistic regression analysis was performed in the matched population to compare all the efficacy and safety outcomes.

Of 1,437 patients in this study, 119 received early IVH and 1,318 cases initiated standard ATT. After PS matching (12), 117 pairs were identified. The early IVH group had higher proportions of neurological improvement at 24hr (OR=2.24, 95% CI=1.42-3.53) and 7days (OR=1.92, 95% CI=1.22-3.03), better chance of excellent recovery (OR=1.69, 95% CI=1.07-2.67) and functional independence (OR=1.77, 95% CI=1.13-2.78) at 90days, and a lower 90-day mortality (OR=0.44, 95% CI=0.21-0.92) than standard ATT group. Additionally, early IVH did not increase the risk of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (OR=0.92, 95% CI=0.34-2.48).

IVH immediately after thrombolysis seems to be safe and potentially more effective as compared with standard ATT delay of 24hr for a subset of AIS patients.

IVH immediately after thrombolysis seems to be safe and potentially more effective as compared with standard ATT delay of 24 hr for a subset of AIS patients.