These findings provide initial insights into the potential long-term benefits of a digital health intervention for children with attention-based issues.The feeding pattern and control of energy intake in mice housed in groups are poorly understood. Here, we determined and quantified the normal feeding microstructure of social male and female mice of the C57BL/6J genetic background fed a chow diet. Mice at 10w, 20w and 30w of age showed the expected increase in lean and fat mass, being the latter more pronounced and variable in males than in females. Under ad libitum conditions, 20w and 30w old females housed in groups showed significantly increased daily energy intake when adjusted to body weight relative to age-matched males. This was the combined result of small increases in energy intake during the nocturnal and diurnal photoperiods of the day without major changes in the circadian pattern of energy intake or spontaneous ambulatory activity. The analysis of the feeding microstructure suggests sex- and age-related contributions of meal size, meal frequency and intermeal interval to the control of energy intake under stable energy balance, but not under negative energy balance imposed by prolonged fasting. During the night, 10-20w old females ate less frequently bigger meals and spent more time eating them resulting in reduced net energy intake relative to age-matched males. In addition, male and female mice at all ages tested significantly shortened the intermeal interval during the first hours of re-feeding in response to fasting without affecting meal size. Further, 20-30w old males lengthened their intermeal interval as re-feeding time increased to reach fed-levels faster than age-matched females. Collectively, our results suggest that the physiological mechanisms controlling meal size (satiation) and the non-eating time spent between meals (satiety) during stable or negative energy balance are regulated in a sex- and age-dependent manner in social mice.Different from many previous studies explain mobile social media usage from a technical-center perspective, the present study investigates the factors that influence citizens’ mobile government social media (GSM) continuance based on the valence framework. Sanguinarine The research model was calculated by using data collected from 509 citizens who are the mobile GSM users in China. A structural equation modeling (SEM)-neural network (NN) method was employed to test the research model. The results of SEM indicated that the positive utilities included social value and hedonic value positively affect mobile GSM continuance, while the negative utility reflected by self-censorship negative affect mobile GSM continuance. This is further supported by the results of the neural network model analysis which indicated that hedonic value is more influencing predictor of continuous usage of mobile GSM, following by social value and self-censorship.

This study aimed to examine the association between confidence in accessing HIV services, primary sources of HIV information, and primary care provider status for African American and Latinx individuals in Indiana.

An online survey was disseminated to African American and Latinx individuals using snowball and social media recruitment methods, resulting in a final sample size of n = 308. A multivariable linear regression analysis was performed to examine the relationships between confidence accessing HIV services, primary care provider status, sexual identification, and sources of HIV information.

Of the total respondents, 62.5% (n = 193) identified as male and 36.9% (n = 114) identified as female. Most identified as African American (72.5%, n = 224), followed by 27.2% (n = 84) who identified as Latinx. Participants who used their primary care providers as a primary source of obtaining HIV information had a significantly higher level of comfort with accessing HIV services. Those who identified family members as a primary source of HIV information and those who identified as bisexual demonstrated a lower level of confidence in accessing HIV services.

This study’s results enhance our understanding of marginalization within minority groups regarding sexual identification and accessing HIV services. These results also offer insight into the importance of healthcare access because having a primary care provider was a strong predictor of increased confidence in accessing HIV services.

This study’s results enhance our understanding of marginalization within minority groups regarding sexual identification and accessing HIV services. These results also offer insight into the importance of healthcare access because having a primary care provider was a strong predictor of increased confidence in accessing HIV services.In order to improve the performance of differential evolution (DE), this paper proposes a ranking-based hierarchical random mutation in differential evolution (abbreviated as RHRMDE), in which two improvements are presented. First, RHRMDE introduces a hierarchical random mutation mechanism to apply the classic “DE/rand/1” and its variant on the non-inferior and inferior group determined by the fitness value. The non-inferior group employs the traditional mutation operator “DE/rand/1” with global and random characteristics, which increases the global exploration ability and population diversity. The inferior group uses the improved mutation operator “DE/rand/1” with elite and random characteristics, which enhances the local exploitation ability and convergence speed. Second, the control parameter adaptation of RHRMDE not only considers the complexity differences of various problems but also takes individual differences into account. The proposed RHRMDE is compared with five DE variants and five non-DE algorithms on 32 universal benchmark functions, and the results show that the RHRMDE is superior over the compared algorithms.Emerging technologies have driven the rise of many water-related startups and created new opportunities in water markets. The global water crisis could be mitigated by applying innovative technologies, sound water management decisions, and successful business models, and it is essential to better understand the status and future trends of emerging water markets. This study aims to discover shifts in the entrepreneurial landscape and evaluate water startups’ development performance for the sustainable development of emerging water markets. We collected and analyzed data including the founding date, service area, service provided, details of funding raised, revenues, and consumer responses on 132 water startups founded between 2008 and 2018 in California, USA. Our results indicated that municipal area dominated the emerging water startup market compared to agricultural and industrial areas, and that many of the services provided shifted from conventional technologies to digital technologies. Though digital water startups’ current revenues were relatively low, digital techniques applied in the water industry exhibited the good potential to promote public health and water saving.