56; 95% CI, 1.18-2.06; p=0.002). Inclusion of CRP in a fully adjusted model did not affect the results. Addition of the TyG index decreased the estimate for depression by 28% (OR=1.39; 95% CI, 0.88-2.19; p=0.161), and the resulting estimate became no longer significant. The TyG index remained the independent predictor of outcome.

The absence of a structured diagnostic interview for depression and histological diagnosis of NAFLD.

These data support an association of depression with NAFLD. Insulin resistance seems to play a major role in modulating the association between depression and NAFLD risk.

These data support an association of depression with NAFLD. Insulin resistance seems to play a major role in modulating the association between depression and NAFLD risk.The leg regeneration capabilities of damselflies are understudied. Here we present the first data of regenerated limbs across a genus of damselfly based on adult specimens collected in the field to illustrate the prevalence of limb loss among nymphs. We show that this phenomenon is much more prevalent than previously thought, as 42 percent of individuals were found with regenerated limbs. Furthermore, we test for patterns within these data to begin to unravel the potential causes of limb loss in nymphal damselflies, showing that intrinsic factors such as sex and species cannot explain the patterns of limb loss pointing to environmental factors as the probable cause. We argue that Odonata limb regeneration provides a potentially unique perspective into the nymphal stage of these organisms.The worldwide obesity epidemic has impacted women more heavily than men. These gender-based differences are particularly pronounced in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region where gender obesity gaps on average exceed 10 percentage points. This paper examines one of the explanations, namely the role of female empowerment on gender gaps in obesity. We study the effect of several measures of female empowerment including female labor market participation on gender obesity gaps over a time span of 41 years (1975-2016) in a sample of 190 countries. We document that after controlling for a number relevant controls, gender obesity gaps are only associated to measures of female empowerment in the MENA region but that this is not true worldwide. We then use an instrumental variable approach in order to illustrate that the causality runs indeed from empowerment, proxy it by both labor market and political participation to gender obesity gaps and not vice versa. Our results reveal that a one percentage point increase in female labor market participation (female MPs in national parliament) predicts a 0.2 (0.09) percentage point decrease in gender gaps in obesity in the MENA region.This paper is based on long-term ethnographic fieldwork among the Lelet of New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea. It draws on qualitative interviews with Pentecostal Christians intended to examine their understanding of Christianity and how this relates to their cultural practices – in this case, how their Pentecostalism affects their therapeutic beliefs and practices. check details The frequent observation that therapeutic repertoires are becoming less discrete is substantiated by the Lelet case, for in their search for therapy, the Lelet often cross the borders of different repertoires, seeing no contradiction, for example, between combining a vernacular therapy with biomedicine. With the advent of Pentecostalism, the issue has become far more complex. The Lelet therapeutic culture remains pluralist, but the research shows that Lelet Pentecostals are increasingly viewing their own Christian-based forms of healing as in competition with other therapies, especially vernacular therapies. This competitive outlook has brought a demonization of vernacular therapies, which are labelled ‘satanic’ and their use discouraged. In fact, Pentecostalism is refashioning the realm of therapy rather than border crossing and mixing of therapeutic repertoires, the situation is increasingly dominated by notions of mutual exclusivity. In order to comprehend the full complexity of medical pluralism, it is now necessary not only to examine how the borders of the different therapeutic repertoires are blurred, destabilized or reconfigured but also how they may be demarcated and policed. In other words, we argue that medical pluralism is being eroded by its interaction with Pentecostalism.The neoagarohexaose (NA6) is an oligosaccharide that is derived from agarose, the major component of red algae cell walls, by enzymatic hydrolysis. Here we show that NA6 is a noncanonical Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist with antiviral activity against norovirus. Its TLR4 activation was dependent on myeloid differentiation factor 2 (MD2) and cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14), leading to interferon-β (IFN-β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production. This effect was abolished by TLR4 knockdown or knockout in murine macrophages. NA6 inhibited murine norovirus (MNV) replication with an EC50 of 1.5 μM in RAW264.7 cells. It also lowered viral RNA titer in a human hepatocellular carcinoma Huh7-derived cell line harboring a human norovirus subgenomic replicon. The antiviral activity of NA6 was mainly attributed to IFN-β produced through the TLR4-TRIF signaling pathway. NA6-induced TNF-α, which had little effect on norovirus replication per se, primed macrophages to mount greater antiviral innate immune responses when IFN signaling was activated. NA6 boosted the induction of IFN-β in MNV-infected RAW264.7 cells and upregulated IFN-regulatory factor-1, an IFN-stimulated gene. NA6 induced IFN-β expression in the distal ileum with Peyer’s patches and oral administration of NA6 reduced MNV loads through activation of TLR4 signaling, highlighting its potential contribution to protective antiviral innate immunity against norovirus.Appropriate management of post-operative pain is an ongoing challenge in surgical practice. At present, systemic opioid administration is routinely used for analgesia in the post-operative setting. However, due to significant adverse effects and potential for misuse, there is a perceived need for the development of alternative, opioid-sparing treatment modalities. Continuous infusion of local anesthetic into the peritoneum after major abdominal surgery reduces pain and opioid consumption, and enhances recovery from surgery. Here we describe a non-opioid, poly(ethylene-co-vinyl-acetate) intraperitoneal implant for the sustained delivery of local anesthetic following major abdominal surgery. A radio-opaque core had the required mechanical strength to facilitate placement and removal procedures. This core was enclosed by an outer shell containing an evenly dispersed local anesthetic, lidocaine. Sustained release of lidocaine was observed in an ovine model over days and the movement modelled between peritoneal fluid and circulating plasma.