Moreover, the alterations of S. mutans MVs under acid pressure were associated with ABC transporters. These results increase our knowledge of S. mutans MVs and imply that S. mutans MVs may play a functional role in carious infection. KEY POINTS • S. mutans MVs contained virulence factor-related proteins, even at low pH values. • Integrated proteomics and metabolomics analysis showed that S. mutans MVs alterations under acidic conditions were associated with ABC transporters.

The ideal colostomy type indicated for patients with anorectal malformation (ARM) is disputed. The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical factors associated with urinary tract infection (UTI) prior to corrective surgery in male ARM without perineal fistula having undergone diverting enterostomy.

A retrospective review of patients diagnosed with ARM and surgically managed at our center from January 2011 to December 2019 was performed. Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between clinical factors and UTI.

Eighty boys with ARM without perineal fistula underwent diverting enterostomy and subsequent corrective surgery via laparoscopic-assisted anorectal pull-through. A sigmoid loop colostomy was most often performed (70 patients, 87.5%). Twenty-nine patients (36.3%) were diagnosed with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), including 14 (48.3%) with febrile UTIs. Six patients had other concomitant genitourinary anomalies excluding VUR. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed the presence of VUR as the only independent factor associated with the occurrence of febrile UTI (OR 17.3, 95% CI 3.51-85.26, p < 0.001).

The development of UTI in newborn males with ARM is associated with the presence of VUR, regardless of stoma type. Voiding cystourethrography should be considered in patients with ARM for early diagnosis of VUR and subsequent antibiotic prophylaxis.

The development of UTI in newborn males with ARM is associated with the presence of VUR, regardless of stoma type. Voiding cystourethrography should be considered in patients with ARM for early diagnosis of VUR and subsequent antibiotic prophylaxis.

We aimed to investigate the short-term efficacy and safety of three glucose-lowering interventions in overweight or obese individuals with prediabetes defined by HbA

.

The PRE-D Trial was a randomised, controlled, parallel, multi-arm, open-label, non-blinded trial performed at Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark. One hundred and twenty participants with BMI ≥25kg/m

, 30-70years of age, and prediabetes (HbA

39-47mmol/mol [5.7-6.4%]) were randomised 1111 to dapagliflozin (10mg once daily), metformin (1700mg daily), interval-based exercise (5days/week, 30min/session) or control (habitual lifestyle). Participants were examined at baseline and at 6, 13 and 26weeks after randomisation. The primary outcome was the 13week change in glycaemic variability (calculated as mean amplitude of glycaemic excursions [MAGE]) determined using a continuous glucose monitoring system (pre-specified minimal clinically important difference in MAGE ∼30%).

One hundred and twelve participants attended the exami10 FUNDING The study was funded by the Novo Nordisk Foundation, AstraZeneca AB, the Danish Innovation Foundation, the University of Copenhagen and Ascensia Diabetes Care Denmark ApS Graphical abstract.

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02695810 FUNDING The study was funded by the Novo Nordisk Foundation, AstraZeneca AB, the Danish Innovation Foundation, the University of Copenhagen and Ascensia Diabetes Care Denmark ApS Graphical abstract.

We aimed to determine the association of depression with dementia risk in people with type 2 diabetes, and to explore the possible mediating role of inflammation in this relationship.

The Edinburgh Type 2 Diabetes Study is a prospective cohort of 1066 men and women with type 2 diabetes aged 60-75years. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to investigate the association between depression, assessed at baseline, and subsequent risk of dementia over 10years. Depression was defined using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, while incident dementia was defined using medical records, prescription data and death certificates. ML351 The potential mediating effect of systemic inflammation was assessed by adjusting models for a generalised inflammation factor, derived from four inflammatory markers measured at baseline (C-reactive protein, IL-6, TNF-α and fibrinogen), and carrying out an exploratory mediation analysis.

Dementia developed in 105 participants over a median follow-up of 10.6years. After adjusting for age and sex, depression was associated with over a 2.5-fold increase in risk of dementia (HR 2.59 [95% CI 1.62, 4.15]). Additional adjustment for the generalised inflammation factor and other covariates did not attenuate the size of association between depression and incident dementia and mediation analysis showed that it was not a mediator. Adjusted logistic regression models showed cross-sectional associations of C-reactive protein and IL-6 with depression.

Depression is an important risk factor for dementia in people with type 2 diabetes. Some inflammatory markers were associated with depression, but systemic inflammation does not appear to mediate the relationship between depression and dementia. Graphical abstract.

Depression is an important risk factor for dementia in people with type 2 diabetes. Some inflammatory markers were associated with depression, but systemic inflammation does not appear to mediate the relationship between depression and dementia. Graphical abstract.

Paranasal sinus osteomas are slow-growing, benign bony tumours that when larger than 30mm, they are termed ‘gigantic’. Special considerations apply for tumours of this calibre, and their rarity renders their management fairly controversial. This study seeks to contribute to an increased understanding concerning their management by presenting a 12-year experience from a single institution.

Retrospective review of files of patients treated for a gigantic paranasal sinus osteoma from January 2008 to December 2019. Additionally, all patients were prospectively reexamined in early 2020 for late complications or clinical recurrence.

Ten patients were included, with a mean age of 53.8years (range 23-77years). The leading presenting findings were proptosis (80%) and diplopia (70%). Transient visual impairment was remarkably frequent (30%). Five patients were managed with an open approach, two with an endoscopic, and three with a combined technique. The most common adverse characteristics that dictated the use of an open approach, alone or in combination with an endoscopic approach, were the involvement of the anterior wall of the frontal sinus (40%), erosion of its posterior wall (30%), and a far-anterior intraorbital extension (30%).