le when studying biomarkers of HGT1 urothelial carcinoma in the future. © 2020 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology Clinical Research published by The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Microcapsules consisting of hydrogel shells cross-linked by glucosamine-boronate ester complexes and duplex nucleic acids, loaded with dyes or drugs and functionalized with Au nanoparticles (Au NPs) or Au nanorods (Au NRs), are developed. Irradiation of Au NPs or Au NRs results in the thermoplasmonic heating of the microcapsules, and the dissociation of the nucleic acid cross-linkers. The separation of duplex nucleic acid cross-linkers leads to low-stiffness hydrogel shells, allowing the release of loads. Switching off the light-induced plasmonic heating results in the regeneration of stiff hydrogel shells protecting the microcapsules, leading to the blockage of release processes. The thermoplasmonic release of tetramethylrhodamine-dextran, Texas Red-dextran, doxorubicin-dextran (DOX-D), or camptothecin-carboxymethylcellulose (CPT-CMC) from the microcapsules is introduced. paquinimod SARS-CoV inhibitor By loading the microcapsules with two different drugs (DOX-D and CPT-CMC), the light-controlled dose release is demonstrated. Cellular experiments show efficient permeation of Au NPs/DOX-D or Au NRs/DOX-D microcapsules into MDA-MB-231 cancer cells and inefficient uptake by MCF-10A epithelial breast cells. Cytotoxicity experiments reveal selective thermoplasmon-induced cytotoxicity of the microcapsules toward MDA-MB-231 cancer cells as compared to MCF-10A cells. Also, selective cytotoxicity towards MDA-MB-231 cancer cells upon irradiation of the Au NPs- and Au NRs-functionalized microcapsules at λ = 532 or 910 nm is demonstrated. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.For anterior and anterolaterally based locally advanced rectal carcinoma in females without involvement of the sphincter complex, multivisceral resection can be safely performed with preservation of the sphincter and with urinary tract continuity. Although except the ACOSOG Z6051(1), no other landmark trials have enrolled cT4 disease, the use of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) in rectal cancers has gradually been expanded to include clinical T4 cancers (2). The intermediate term follow-up of ACOSOG and AlaCaRT needs to be considered with caution as they were not designed with sufficient power to study long term oncological outcomes(1)(3) . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Utilization of microbes as the carbon source and structural template to fabricate porous carbon has incentivized great interests owing to their diverse micromorphology and intricate intracellular structure, apart from the obvious benefit of “turning waste into wealth.” Challenges remain to preserve the biological structure through the harsh and laborious post-synthetic treatments, and tailor the functionality as desired. Herein, Escherichia coli is directly coated with metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) through in situ assembly to fabricate N, P co-doped porous carbon capsules expressing self-phosphorized metal phosphides. While the MOF coating serves as an armoring layer for facilitating the morphology inheritance from the bio-templates and provides metal sources for generating extra porosity and electrochemically active sites, the P-rich phospholipids and N-rich proteins from the plasma membrane enable carbon matrix doping and further yield metal phosphides. These unique structural and compositional features endow the carbon capsules with great capabilities in suppressing polysulfide shuttling and catalyzing reversible oxygen conversion, ultimately leading to the superb performance of lithium-sulfur batteries and zinc-air batteries. Combining the bio-templating strategy with hierarchical MOF assembly, this work opens a new avenue for the fabrication of highly porous and functional carbon for advanced energy applications. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.This review examines literature that used physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA) as a representative measure of an individual muscle’s maximal isometric force production. PCSA is used to understand the muscle architecture and how a trade-off between muscle force and muscle contractile velocity reflect adaptations of the musculoskeletal system as a reflection of functional demands. Over the decades, methods have been developed to measure muscle volume, fascicle lengths, and pennation angle to calculate PCSA. The advantages and limitations of these methods (especially the inclusion/elimination of pennation angle) are discussed frequently; however, these method descriptions are scattered throughout the literature. Here, we reviewed and summarised the different approaches to collecting and recording muscle architectural properties to subsequently calculate PCSA. By critically discussing the advantages and limitations of each methodology, we aim to provide readers with an overview of repeatable methods to assess muscle architecture. This review may serve as a guide to facilitate readers searching for the appropriate techniques to calculate PCSA and measure muscle architecture to be applied in ecomorphology research. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS Discuss the theories behind PCSA in a synthesised review to inform researchers about PCSA methodology. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.in English, Spanish ANTECEDENTES El análisis de regresión por puntaje de propensión (propensity score, PS) puede ser utilizado para minimizar las diferencias entre cohortes a la hora de hacer comparaciones. El objetivo de este estudio fue utilizar el PS para analizar los resultados del tratamiento del adenocarcinoma de esófago (oesophageal adenocarcinoma, OAC), tanto con cirugia sola (surgery, S) o con quimioterapia neoadyuvante (neoadjuvant chemotherapy, NAC) seguida de cirugía (NACS) para determinar si los beneficios del ensayo aleatorizado MRC OE02 eran reproducibles en la práctica clínica de una red de cáncer del Reino Unido. MÉTODOS Se estudiaron pacientes consecutivos sometidos a tratamiento potencialmente curativo por OAC en una red de cáncer regional. Se desarrollaron modelos de regresión múltiple, incluyendo PS, para poder ajustar por factores de confusión. Las medidas de resultado primario fueron supervivencia libre de enfermedad (disease-free survival, DFS) y la supervivencia global (overall survival, OS).