Conclusion Overall, patients with a greater limb volume increase underwent more difficulty performing ADLs. Patients reported more difficulty in performing ADLs even with 5%-10% limb volume increase. Currently, there is no standardized guideline to diagnose BCRL, although previous evidence suggests a limb volume increase greater than 10% as a criterion for BCRL. The findings from the present study suggest a more precise and clinically meaningful criteria for diagnosing BCRL to accommodate those with 5%-10% increase in limb volume.Objective To compare the surgical and early oncological outcomes in patients with bladder cancer who had laparoendoscopic single-site radical cystectomy (RC) or laparoscopic RC. Materials and Methods From July 2012 to May 2019, 28 consecutive men suffering from bladder cancer underwent laparoendoscopic single-site RC or laparoscopic RC with extracorporeally ileal conduit diversion. Data regarding the patient characteristics, surgical outcomes, and short-term oncological outcomes were analyzed retrospectively. Results Compared with laparoscopic RC, laparoendoscopic single-site RC was associated with less postoperative pain (mean, 4.67 versus 6.08 scores; P = .004), and shorter convalescence (time to ambulation, mean, 1.13 days versus 2.15 days; P = .000; hospital stay after surgery, mean, 13 days versus 19 days; P = .001). In addition, differences in patient characteristics, mean total operation time, and mean estimated blood loss were not statistically significant between laparoendoscopic single-site RC and laparoscopic RC groups. There was no difference in the early or late complication rate between the two groups as well. It is also revealed that there was no significant difference in the overall survival rate at 24 months between laparoendoscopic single-site RC and laparoscopic RC groups. Conclusions Based on our initial experience with laparoendoscopic single-site RC, it is a safe procedure with acceptable complications and oncological outcomes. Notably, laparoendoscopic single-site RC is associated with less postoperative pain and rapider convalescence compared with the historical series of laparoscopic RC. However, further comparative studies with longer follow-up period are warranted to validate this procedure.The objective of this study was to identify the main extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria and to detect the frequency of the major genes responsible to trigger this resistance in hospitalized animals. We collected 106 rectal swabs from cats (n = 25) and dogs (n = 81) to detect ESBL-producing isolates. ESBL-positive samples were submitted to the antimicrobial susceptibility test, and polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect TEM, SHV, and CTX-M genes from different groups. We observed that 44.34% of these samples (11 cats and 36 dogs) were positive for ESBL-producing bacteria. Thirteen animals (27.66%-seven cats and six dogs) were hospitalized for elective castration (healthy animals). Only a single animal was positive for ESBL-producing bacteria at hospital admission (the animal also showed an ESBL-positive isolate after leaving the hospital), whereas 11 were positive only at the hospital discharge. Of the 73 ESBL-producing isolates, 13 were isolated from cats (8 sick and 7 healthy) and 60 from dogs (53 sick and 7 healthy). Escherichia coli was the major ESBL-producing bacterium isolated (53.42%), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15.07%), Salmonella sp., and Proteus mirabilis (5.48% each one). Antimicrobial resistance profile of ESBL-producing isolates showed that 67 isolates (91.78%) were resistant to 3 or more antibiotic classes, while 13 of them (17.81%-2 healthy cats and 11 sick dogs) were resistant to all tested antimicrobial classes. The blaTEM gene exhibited the highest frequency in ESBL-producing isolates, followed by the blaCTX-M group 8/25, blaCTX-M group 1 and blaCTX-M group 9 genes. These results are useful to assess the predominance of ESBL-producing isolates recovered from dogs and in cats in Brazil. Consequently, we draw attention to these animals, as they can act as reservoirs for these microorganisms, which are the major pathogens of nosocomial infections worldwide.Background This case-control retrospective study focused on the extracellular water ratio (%ECW) of lymphedemic limbs measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) as a possible indicator of the development and severity of unilateral and bilateral leg lymphedema. Methods and Results BIA was used to evaluate changes in %ECW due to lymphedema in female patients with unilateral secondary leg lymphedema and in healthy controls. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was employed to assess the diagnostic ability of %ECW to distinguish leg lymphedema patients from controls. Thirty-eight female patients were eligible for inclusion along with an equal number of healthy control volunteers. The %ECW of the affected leg correlated with leg body water volume (R2 = 0.28) and the water volume difference between affected and unaffected legs (R2 = 0.58). The ROC analysis showed that %ECW had a high diagnostic ability as a screening tool for the development of leg lymphedema (area under the ROC curve = 0.96). selleck kinase inhibitor A cutoff %ECW value of 40.0% could predict the presence of leg lymphedema with a sensitivity of 81.6% and specificity of 97.4%. Conclusions %ECW value may be a simple and useful indicator of the development and severity of leg lymphedema. As a screening test, %ECW measurement can predict the presence of unilateral or bilateral leg lymphedema in a single measurement without the need for arm, contralateral leg, or previous measurements as controls.With evidence suggesting that females are more likely to be victims of child sexual abuse (CSA), much of the literature – including that on disclosure – focuses on females. Thus, male victims remain “under-studied”. Given this, the aim here is to contribute to the scant knowledge base on the sexual abuse of males and disclosure by focusing on males whose voices are even more rarely heard than those in the general male population those who have perpetrated CSA. The men whose stories are told here had been convicted of, and imprisoned for, CSA in the United Kingdom (UK). They were part of a sample of 101 incarcerated males, 40 of whom reported at interview that they had been sexually abused in childhood. Eighteen of those 40 men are focused on here as they provided some detail as to whether they had disclosed that abuse in childhood or adulthood, the responses they had received, and also why they had not disclosed. Their narratives shed some much-needed light on the nature of sexual abuse experienced by males, its onset and duration, sexual re-victimization, relationships with perpetrators, the diverse nature of disclosure, the extent to which victims disclose and when, the responses received, and why they do not tell.