Main outcomes and results At the moment there are no randomized controlled trials assessing the use of psychotherapy or medication for mental illness in athletes to guide treatment. Controlled studies examining psychological interventions in collegiate athletes have demonstrated improvements in mental health symptomology. Although these studies were limited to collegiate athletes they assist in providing a foundation for elite athletes as well. For the assessment and management of the mental health needs of athletes’ to be on a par with their physical needs, more high-quality scientific epidemiological and treatment intervention studies are needed.Conclusions Development of specific models of psychiatric intervention for athletes with significant psychopathology and impairment appears to be warranted. These interventions should include individual, family/marital, and group psychotherapy with or without medication using evidence-based treatments.Aim To determine quality of life, effectiveness and safety of oral netupitant-palonosetron (NEPA)-based antiemetic prophylaxis in the real-world setting. Materials & methods Prospective, noninterventional study in adults receiving highly or moderately emetogenic chemotherapy and NEPA for three cycles. NEPA was administered per summary of product characteristics. Results A total of 2429 patients enrolled, 2173 were evaluable. ‘No impact on daily life’ due to vomiting was reported by 85%/82% of patients in the highly emetogenic chemotherapy/moderately emetogenic chemotherapy groups in cycle 1, with rates of 54%/59% for nausea. Overall, complete response rate was 89%/87%/75% in the acute/delayed/overall phases. NEPA was well tolerated. Conclusion NEPA had beneficial effects on the quality of life of a heterogeneous group of cancer patients and was safe and effective in the real-world setting.Objective Macitentan, a novel dual endothelin receptor antagonist, was approved for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in Japan. However, long-term effects in Japanese patients of macitentan are currently unavailable. This study sought to assess the long-term efficacy and safety of macitentan in Japanese patients with PAH.Methods In this multicenter, open-label, clinical extension study (JapicCTI-121986), efficacy was evaluated based on the change from baseline at 24,48,72,96 and 120-week in the 6-minute walk distance (6MWD), World Health Organization (WHO) functional class, and serum N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-pro-BNP) levels. In addition, the time to a hospitalization related to PAH and a morbidity/mortality event was determined. As for safety, the incidence of adverse events and changes in laboratory data and vital signs were assessed.Results Macitentan was administered at a once-daily dose of 10 mg in 30 PAH patients with a median treatment period of 2.4 years (range, 229-1037 days). The improvements in 6MWD, WHO functional class, and NT-pro-BNP at week 24 were maintained throughout the long-term follow-up. Hospitalization related to PAH occurred in 2 patients. Levels of liver enzyme and hemoglobin remained unchanged through the study period.Conclusions This study suggests that the long-term use of macitentan is well tolerated and effective in Japanese patients with PAH. We concluded that macitentan can be a possible approach to reduce morbidity/mortality in Japanese PAH patients.Objectives. To document the increasing influence of firearm suicide on the incidence of traumatic brain injury (TBI)-related death in the United States.Methods. We used national vital statistics data from 2008 to 2017 to identify TBI-related deaths, overall and by cause, among US residents. National counts stratified by year, sex, and age group (to facilitate age adjustment) were merged with corresponding population estimates to calculate incidence rates.Results. During the 10-year period beginning in 2008, when it became the leading cause of TBI-related death in the United States, firearm suicide accounted for nearly half (48.3%) of the increase in the absolute incidence of TBI-related death when combining all injury categories showing absolute increases. Darolutamide in vivo Rates of TBI-related firearm suicide increased among both males and females.Conclusions. Safe storage of firearms among people at risk and training of health care providers and community members to identify and support people who may be thinking of suicide are part of a comprehensive public health approach to suicide prevention.Public Health Implications. States, communities, and health care systems can save lives by prioritizing comprehensive suicide prevention. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print April 16, 2020 e1-e3. doi10.2105/AJPH.2020.305622).Interest in the impact of the built environment on health behaviors, outcomes, and disparities is increasing, and the growing development of statistical modeling techniques has allowed researchers to better investigate these relationships. However, without enough data that are identifiable at smaller geographic levels (e.g., census tract), place-based health researchers are unable to reliably estimate the prevalence of a health outcome at these more granular and potentially more salient neighborhood levels.When reliable direct survey estimates cannot be produced because of small samples or a lack of samples, estimates based on small area estimation techniques are often used. As place-based health research and the production and secondary use of small area estimates increase, it is critical that researchers understand both the underlying methods used to create these estimates and their limitations. Without this foundation, researchers may fit inappropriate models, or interpret findings inaccurately.As a demonstrative example, we focus this discussion on the small area health indicator estimates recently produced through the 500 Cities Project by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the CDC Foundation. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print April 16, 2020 e1-e4. doi10.2105/AJPH.2020.305611).Objectives. To compare children’s drink products that contain or purport to contain juice and evaluate labels in light of US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations.Methods. In 2019, we analyzed federal law for drinks that contain or purport to contain juice by using LexisNexis and FDA’s Web site, identified top-selling children’s “juice” drinks in fruit punch flavors, gathered labels in store and online, and extracted data from the principal display and information panels.Results. FDA regulations permit a wide range of names, claims, and fruit vignettes on drinks that contain or purport to contain juice, reflecting the product’s flavor and not necessarily its ingredients. We identified 39 brands of children’s drinks, including 100% juice (n = 7), diluted juices (n = 11), juice drinks (n = 8), fruit-flavored drinks (n = 8), and flavored waters (n = 5), with nonuniform statements of identity; vitamin C and low-sugar claims; and fruit vignettes representing 19 fruits. Many products contained added sugar and nonnutritive sweeteners but little to no juice.