004], and a higher rate of postoperative complication (44.4% vs. 9.5%, P=0.025), compared with non-thymomatous OMG (n=42). The estimated cumulative probability of CSR in the whole cohort was 41.8% (95% CI, 28.6-58.2%) 5 years after surgery. Age at onset of 40 years or younger (P=0.00016), female sex (P=0.069), and thymic hyperplasia (P=0.0061) were potential predictors under univariate analysis. However, only age at onset of 40 years or younger (HR 4.117, 95% CI, 1.177-14.399, P=0.027) remained significant after multivariable analysis. Conclusions CSR could be achieved in about 40% of OMG patients 5 years after thymectomy and is likely to be predicted by age at onset of 40 years or younger. 2020 Journal of Thoracic Disease. All rights reserved.Background Bronchopulmonary sequestration (BPS) is a rare congenital pulmonary disease. This study aimed to explore the role of uni-portal video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) in the surgical treatment of BPS. Methods Patients who received surgical treatment for BPS in Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital between January 2012 and October 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Perioperative characteristics, mortality and morbidity were compared between VATS group and control (open surgery) group. Subgroup analysis was further performed in the VATS group. Results A total of 89 patients with BPS were reviewed, including 39 males and 50 females with a mean age of 43.9 years (range, 15-71 years). The mean operation time was 142.5 min (range, 30-345 min), the mean blood loss was 168.9 mL (range, 20-1,600 mL), the mean duration of chest drainage was 4.6±1.9 days in the whole group. Pixantrone mouse There were 21 patients in the uni-portal VATS group, 46 in the multi-portal VATS group and 22 in the control group. Patients in the VATS groups had significantly better outcome, shorter operation time, shorter postoperative hospital stay (POS), less blood loss and less postoperative complications (P less then 0.05). The rate of conversion to open surgery in the uni-portal VATS group and multi-portal VATS group was 9.1% and 8.7% respectively. Compared with multi-portal VATS group, the operation time, duration of chest drainage and POS were shorter in the uni-portal VATS group, but the incidence of postoperative complications was similar. Conclusions Uni-portal VATS is a safe, feasible and effective method for selected BPS patients. 2020 Journal of Thoracic Disease. All rights reserved.Background Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is a critical disease and often leads to a high mortality and morbidity. Several studies have identified predictors of PE recurrence, but whether these predictors have prognostic value and how they vary during varied follow-up periods remain unclear. Methods We retrospectively assessed the occurrence of recurrent PE and the survival time of patients with a diagnosis of acute PE at Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital from May 2007 to May 2018. Potential predictors of recurrent PE were evaluated at different points (1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 60 and 120-month) during a long-term follow-up for each patient. Patients were stratified into two groups by gender to analyze the impact of sex in period-guided prognostic prediction. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, survival analysis and multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis were implemented as statistical analysis methods. Results In total, 597 acute PE patients were included, of whom 62 reported a PE recurrence. Male patnts when stratified based on gender and associated medical conditions. 2020 Journal of Thoracic Disease. All rights reserved.Background The previous studies reported the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of Schisandrin A (Sch A). This study aimed to investigate the ability of Sch A to protect against lung oxidative stress induced by the combination of cigarette smoke extract and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in an in vitro model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods The cell viability was determined by using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Colorimetry was used to detect the changes in antioxidant markers. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to examine the mRNA levels of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). The levels of IL-8 and HO-1 in the supernatant were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and Western blot analysis was performed to measure the phosphorylation and protein expression levels of nuclear factor-κB. Results Sch A inhibited the excessive proliferation of pulmonary epithelial cells, decreased malondialdehyde content, and increased the expression levels of superoxide dismutase and glutathione after the combined treatment of cigarette smoke extract and LPS. Also, Sch A downregulated the expression of IL-8 and upregulated the expression of HO-1 mRNA in lung epithelial cells and cell supernatants, and resulted in the downregulation of the protein expression level of phosphorylated nuclear factor-κB. Conclusions Sch A inhibited the oxidative stress of lung epithelial cells induced by the combination of cigarette smoke extract and LPS. Sch A may be a potential therapeutic medication for COPD. 2020 Journal of Thoracic Disease. All rights reserved.Background Pulmonary veins (PVs) are important during segmentectomy. Many case reports prove that they may be the source of bleeding during surgery, especially when anatomical variants are present. We decided to describe venous variations and prepare a computed tomography based atlas of our observations. Methods The study was conducted using 135 chest computed tomography studies with intra venous iodine contrast injection. The study population contained 86 females and 49 males, mean age was 60. Thirteen people had atrial fibrillation. Images were analysed using radiological workstation. Results The variations were divided into three categories atypical topography of the PV, atypical venous outflow to the left atrium (LA), atypical venous vascularization of the lung bronchopulmonary segment. Retrobronchial course of the vein of the posterior segment of the right upper lobe was observed in 8.15%. The most common variant of atrial venous outflow was the direct outflow of the middle lobe vein, observed in 25.19% of cases and the long common trunk of left PVs in 11.