RESULTS Twenty-eight infants with bronchiolitis and 10 healthy comparators were included. Cases with bronchiolitis showed significantly lower values of RV LS and LV LS compared to healthy comparators (LV p0.04 and RV P  less then  .001). Ten infants (36%) had a normal biventricular function, nine (32%) had LV impairment, and nine (32%) had a biventricular impairment. No significant differences were found in TR and EI ES. Infants with biventricular impairment demonstrated a significant increase in LOS (p0.04) and higher levels of respiratory support compared to the healthy comparators (P = .03). this website CONCLUSIONS Bronchiolitis is associated with myocardial impairment. Cardiac function is related to disease severity and outcome. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Therapeutic immobilization is a common treatment for the locomotor system; however, it causes loss of muscle due to disuse, leading to protein degradation and generating atrophy of muscle cells, ultimately changing functionality. In this sense, it is important for remobilization to be initiated early and performed with appropriate therapeutic strategies that enable tissue and functional recovery. One method of remobilization is physical exercise, among which whole body vibration (WBV) has been highlighted and mainly applied in people with reduced mobility. However, there are gaps on the morphological effects WBV has on muscle tissue, so in this study we analyzed the histomorphometry of the tibialis anterior muscle (TA) of Wistar rats remobilized using WBV. For the experiment, 32 male Wistar rats were used and divided into four groups (n = 8/group). Groups consisted of control (CG), immobilized (IG), immobilized and remobilized freely (FG), and immobilized and remobilized with WBV (WG). After the experimental period, the TA was collected and processed for analysis in light microscopy. When compared to the control group, significant morphological changes were observed, which characterize muscle atrophy and reduction of all histomorphometric parameters of the TA of the immobilized animals. Remobilized animals showed improvement in all parameters, and the WBV was not different from the free remobilization, except for the reduction of central nuclei, which can be related to acceleration of the process of tissue regeneration. Thus, we can conclude that the WBV can have an impact on the acceleration of the muscle regenerative process, and may be beneficial in people with reduced mobility. © 2020 American Association for Anatomy.Modern humans have the longest Achilles tendon (AT) of all the living primates. It has been proposed that this anatomy increases locomotor efficiency and that its elongation may have played a crucial role in the origin and early evolution of the genus Homo. Unfortunately, determining the length of the AT in extinct hominins has been difficult as tendons do not fossilize. Several methods have been proposed for estimating the length of the AT from calcaneal morphology, but the results have been inconclusive. This study tested the relationship between the area of the superior calcaneal facet and AT length in extant primates. The superior facet is instructive because it anchors the retrocalcaneal bursa, a soft tissue structure which helps to reduce friction between the AT and the calcaneus. Calcanei from 145 extant anthropoid primates from 12 genera were photographed in posterior view and the relative superior facet size quantified. AT lengths were obtained from published sources. The relative area of the superior facet is predictive of AT length in primates (R2 = 0.83; p  less then  .001) and differs significantly between the great apes and humans (p  less then  0.001). When applied to fossil Australopithecus calcanei, our results suggest that australopiths possessed a longer, more human-like, AT than previously thought. These findings have important implications for the locomotor capabilities of Australopithecus, including their capacity for endurance running and climbing. © 2020 American Association for Anatomy.Perivascular epithelioid cell tumors (PEComas) are rare mesenchymal tumors with immunohistochemical co-expression of melanocytic and myoid markers. Vaginal PEComas have been described in only nine cases so far. We describe the case of a 65-year-old female with a large growth in the left lateral vaginal wall. Biopsy imprint smears showed dispersed tumor cells with anisonucleosis, multinucleation, and bizarre forms, suggestive of a malignant tumor. Histopathology, however, showed perivascular arrangement of clear epithelioid cells, focal necrosis, intracellular brown pigment in few cells, and mitotic activity at 2 to 3 per 50 high power fields. Immunohistochemical positivity for vimentin, HMB-45, S-100 protein, desmin, and MyoD1 assisted in rendering a final pathological diagnosis of malignant PEComa of the vagina. Further work-up revealed metastatic deposits in liver and retroperitoneal lymph nodes. PEComa arising in vagina is an unusual phenomenon with the malignant variant being an extremely rare tumor. Awareness of the characteristic morphology and utilization of a panel of immunohistochemical stains are mandatory to be able to make a precise diagnosis and appropriate prognostication. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.BACKGROUND Tuberculosis remains a major health problem in the less developed nations and is now a major health problem in developed countries, owing to the emergence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and (AIDS). However, despite the availability of effective chemotherapy, patient noncompliance with regimens is the most common reason for therapeutic failures. The aim of this study is to describe the cytological features of drug defaulters on lymph node fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). OBJECTIVE Due to the common problem of drug defaulters in developing countries like India, we had carried out a study to see the cytological features of drug defaulters on FNAC of the lymph node. METHOD Three hundred fifty tuberculosis cases, diagnosed based on Mantoux (Mx) test, acid-fast bacilli and/or culture, were followed up for drug compliance by cervical lymph node FNAC. RESULT Forty cases were found to be drug defaulters on detailed and meticulous follow-up. These patients were found to have splintered epithelioid cell granuloma with some viable epithelioid cells enmeshed in fibrous tissue elements.