Genome-wide and exome-wide analyses did not reveal any significant association with the size of the HIV-1 reservoir or its decay rate on suppressive antiretroviral treatment.

Our results point to a limited influence of human genetics on the size of the HIV-1 reservoir and its long-term dynamics in successfully treated individuals.

Our results point to a limited influence of human genetics on the size of the HIV-1 reservoir and its long-term dynamics in successfully treated individuals.

Reliable estimates of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) are important in the clinical management of HIV-positive patients. Data on the performance of widely used estimating equations (eGFR) relative to exogenously measured GFR are sparse in this population.

We evaluated cross-sectional and longitudinal accuracy and bias of eGFR, based on creatinine and cystatin C, relative to disappearance of infused iohexol from plasma (iGFR) in a cohort of participants followed annually for up to 7 years.

A total of 222 HIV-positive and 139 HIV-negative participants contributed 1240 visits with valid iGFR and eGFR measures. Estimated GFR based on both creatinine and cystatin C performed the best. Estimated learn more based on creatinine alone overestimated iGFR by 9 mL·min·1.73 m on average and was significantly less accurate in HIV-positive than HIV-negative individuals. The performance of equations based on either creatinine alone or cystatin C alone were significantly affected by participant factors (eg, non-suppressed HIV RNA, nadir CD4 count, hepatitis C virus coinfection). The average iGFR slope was -4% per year in HIV-positive participants. In both HIV-positive and HIV-negative participants, eGFR slope measures were generally unbiased but inaccurate, with only 60%-74% of observations falling within ±5% points of iGFR slope.

Both creatinine and cystatin C have limitations as GFR indices in HIV-positive individuals. Estimated GFR based on both creatinine and cystatin C performed best in our study and may be preferred in HIV-positive persons with kidney disease or comorbidities that place them at high risk for kidney disease.

Both creatinine and cystatin C have limitations as GFR indices in HIV-positive individuals. Estimated GFR based on both creatinine and cystatin C performed best in our study and may be preferred in HIV-positive persons with kidney disease or comorbidities that place them at high risk for kidney disease.

Screening for developmental delays during critical periods of infant development is essential for early detection and intervention. Among high-risk infants in resource-limited settings, including those who are HIV exposed, there is a greater need for screening. This study expanded on previous analyses of the Bayley Infant Neurodevelopmental Screener (BINS) by providing psychometric properties to evaluate the appropriateness of using the BINS in a sample of HIV-exposed infants in rural South Africa.

A total of 160 mothers with HIV, their infants, and their male partners were recruited. The BINS was administered to the infants, and their weights were recorded. Mothers completed measures of depression, intimate partner violence, male involvement, and adherence. Male partners reported their own involvement in perinatal care.

Results demonstrated support for a 5-factor structure consistent with previous transcultural adaptations of the BINS, demonstrating construct validity, and adequate reliability. Converg and HIV-exposed infants may benefit from further assessment to determine a need for intervention in community-based clinics.

Long-acting (LA) injectable regimens are a potential therapeutic option in people living with HIV-1.

ATLAS (NCT02951052) and FLAIR (NCT02938520) were 2 randomized, open-label, multicenter, multinational phase 3 studies.

Adult participants with virologic suppression (plasma HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/mL) were randomized (11) to continue with their current antiretroviral regimen (CAR) or switch to the long-acting (LA) regimen of cabotegravir (CAB) and rilpivirine (RPV). In the LA arm, participants initially received oral CAB + RPV once-daily for 4 weeks to assess individual safety and tolerability, before starting monthly injectable therapy. #link# The primary endpoint of this combined analysis was antiviral efficacy at week 48 (FDA Snapshot algorithm noninferiority margin of 4% for HIV-1 RNA ≥50 copies/mL). Safety, tolerability, and confirmed virologic failure (2 consecutive plasma HIV-1 RNA ≥200 copies/mL) were secondary endpoints.

The pooled intention-to-treat exposed population included 591 participants in each arm [28% women (sex at birth), 19% aged ≥50 years]. Noninferiority criteria at week 48 were met for the primary (HIV-1 RNA ≥50 copies/mL) and key secondary (HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/mL) efficacy endpoints. Seven individuals in each arm (1.2%) developed confirmed virologic failure; 6/7 (LA) and 3/7 (CAR) had resistance-associated mutations. Most LA recipients (83%) experienced injection site reactions, which decreased in incidence over time. Injection site reactions led to the withdrawal of 6 (1%) participants. The serious adverse event rate was 4% in each arm.

This combined analysis demonstrates monthly injections of CAB + RPV LA were noninferior to daily oral CAR for maintaining HIV-1 suppression.

This combined analysis demonstrates monthly injections of CAB + RPV LA were noninferior to daily oral CAR for maintaining HIV-1 suppression.

We validated the Data collection on Adverse events of anti-HIV Drugs (DAD) full-risk and short-risk score models for chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the Asian HIV cohorts.

A validation study among people living with HIV (PLHIV) aged ≥18 years among the cohorts in the Asia-Pacific region.

PLHIV with a baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate > 60 mL/min/1.73 m were included for validation of the DAD CKD full version and short version without cardiovascular risk factors. Those with <3 estimated glomerular filtration rate measurements from baseline or previous exposure to potentially nephrotoxic antiretrovirals were excluded. Kaplan-Meier methods were used to estimate the probability of CKD development. The area under the receiver operating characteristics was also used to validate the risk score.

We included 5701 participants in full model median 8.1 [interquartile range (IQR) 4.8-10.9] years follow-up and 9791 in short model validation [median 4.9 (IQR 2.5-7.3) years follow-up]. The crude incidence rate of CKD was 8.