Struma ovarii is a monodermal variant of ovarian teratoma. Thyroid-type carcinoma arising in struma ovarii is rare. The most common type is papillary carcinoma, followed by typical follicular carcinoma. A 75-year-old hypertensive patient consulted for the sensation of a painless pelvic mass that has been progressing for six months. The abdominopelvic ultrasound showed a right lateralized abdominopelvic mass measuring 14x13x8 cm with a solid and cystic double component. The patient underwent a unilateral right adnexectomy. Grossly, the tumor was encapsulated and lobulated. On cut sections, it was solid brown whitish in color and gelatinous. On histological examination, it was formed of follicular structures of variable size filled with a dense colloid. From this goiter a malignant tumor proliferation arose, arranged in sheets, trabeculae and follicular structures, and the tumor cells were cubic or polyhedral moderately atypical with few mitotic figures. There were no papillary-like nuclear features. There was focal capsular and vascular invasion. Immunohistochemical study showed positive immunostaining of tumor cells with TTF1. Postoperative course was uneventful. The exact prognosis of thyroid-type carcinoma arising in struma ovarii is still unclear because of its rarity, inadequate follow-up, and the absence of consensus in diagnosis and treatment.Mullerian adenosarcoma is an uncommon biphasic malignant uterine tumor. It is composed of benign epithelial and malignant stromal elements. We present a case of a 45-year-old woman who presented with post-menopausal bleeding for three months. She had a significant past medical history of pelvic irradiation for squamous carcinoma of cervix 20 years ago. Pathology revealed adenosarcoma with sarcomatous overgrowth. The patient had a recurrence of pure sarcoma three months later and unfortunately succumbed to her disease. The role of radiation in the pathogenesis of adenosarcoma has been uncommonly described compared to its well established role in the development of carcinosarcoma. Our case fulfils the criteria for a radiation induced sarcoma. We review the salient clinical and pathological features of this uncommon lesion highlighting the importance of sarcomatous overgrowth in these lesions and the possible role of radiation in the development of these tumors.Atypical polypoid adenomyoma (APA) is a rare uterine lesion that commonly recurs after local excision and is occasionally associated with or anticipates the development of atypical hyperplasia or endometrioid adenocarcinoma. We report a case of a 45-year-old woman affected by APA treated with local resection.Atypical cellular neurothekeoma (ACN) is an aggressive and rare variant of cellular neurothekeoma. Only few cases have been reported in the literature and the biological behavior seems to be uncertain. We describe the case of an ACN presenting on the scalp of an elderly man, emphasizing the cytologic features of malignancy. In addition, we provide a brief overview of the literature and discuss the differential diagnosis with other entities, and the possible diagnostic pitfalls.Extra-pleural solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a relatively rare soft tissue neoplasm, with only rare cases reported in the pelvic cavity. Most SFTs are histologically benign, with only a few malignant cases reported in the literature so far. We report a rare case of SFT arising in the paravesical space of a 79-year-old man. Histologically the tumor corresponds to an “intermediate risk tumor” according to a risk stratification scheme for metastatic potential, which incorporates patient age, tumor size, mitotic activity and necrosis. Notably tumor showed a benign clinical course without evidence of local recurrence after a 10-years follow-up. Lirafugratinib Tumor was composed of both spindle and epithelioid cells variably set in a fibro-myxoid stroma, with focal pleomorphic, necrotic and highly mitotic (> 4 mitoses/10HPF) areas. Immunohistochemistry, showing a diffuse CD34 and STAT6 immunoreactivity, supported the diagnosis of SFT. The present case emphasizes that the clinical course of the pelvic SFTs with atypical morphological features is unpredictable on the basis of morphology alone, and thus the term “SFT with atypical features, including the risk stratification class” should be preferred to “malignant SFT”.Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a relatively rare soft tissue neoplasm originally described in the pleura. Since its first description, several cases arising in extra-pleural superficial and deep soft tissues have been reported in the literature. SFT arising in the head and neck region is quite rare, representing about the 6% of all SFTs, and the sinonasal tract is the most common involved region, followed by the orbit, the oral cavity and the salivary glands. Herein, we report the clinico-pathologic features of a rare case of SFT of the orbital region, emphasizing the diagnostic role of the immunomarker STAT-6. A 52-year-old female presented to our hospital with a nodular mass in the left orbital region. Histological examination revealed a uniformly hypercellular tumor composed of pale to slightly eosinophilic bland-looking spindle cells arranged in intersecting short fascicles with interspersed stellate-shaped, keloid-type collagen fibers. Notable hypocellular areas, perivascular hyalinization and hemangiopericytoma-like branching vascular pattern were absent. Immunohistochemically, neoplastic cells were diffusely positive for vimentin, CD34 and STAT-6. The introduction of STAT-6 in daily diagnostic practice is helpful to confidentially render a diagnosis of SFT even in the presence of unusual morphology and site.An endobronchial obstructing neoformation was found in a 58-year-old man. The histology and immunohistochemical profile oriented the authors towards a diagnosis of paraganglioma, sclerosing variant. This very difficult diagnosis, especially in a pulmonary localization, may lead to erroneous conclusions both in terms of histogenetic interpretation and that of its biological behavior. The pulmonary localization of the paraganglioma is very rare and even more rare the sclerosing variant, recently reported. Differential diagnosis and literature are discussed.