833-1.158). These results suggest that SCIT may be an effective tool to improve attributional biases and functional outcomes in recent-onset schizophrenia outpatients. Future controlled trials with larger sample size and follow-up assessments should be developed to further understand effective intervention outcomes for this population. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.AIM Stigma is commonly experienced among individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and has been shown to be a barrier to help-seeking and behavioural service utilization. Given the established relationships between stigma, barriers to treatment, and poorer psychiatric outcomes including depression and psychotic symptoms, we examined the relationships between symptoms of depression, positive and negative symptoms, and the emergence of stigma longitudinally among a sample of first-episode of psychosis (FEP) participants in the United States. METHODS Data were obtained from the Recovery After an Initial Schizophrenia Episode project of National Institute of Mental Health’s Early Treatment Program. Participants (n = 404) included adults between ages 15 and 40 with schizophrenia or other psychotic disorders based on the DSM-IV. Data were analysed using structural equation modelling (SEM). RESULTS Findings indicated that increased positive and negative symptoms independently related to greater symptoms of depression at baseline. Furthermore, increased positive symptoms and symptoms of depression at baseline independently related to the emergence of greater stigma being experienced over time. CONCLUSIONS Considering the role that symptoms of depression played as a factor explaining the relationships between positive and negative symptoms and emergence of stigma over time among individuals in FEP, and symptoms of depression is important predictor of stigma and may furthermore present as a viable and less stigmatizing initial treatment target in the early course of a psychotic disorder. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.Preventing cancer metastasis is one of the remaining challenges in cancer therapy. As an efficient natural product, alpha-tocopheryl succinate (α-TOS), the most effective form of vitamin E, holds great anticancer potential. To improve its efficacy and bioavailability, lipid-coated calcium carbonate/phosphate (LCCP) nanoparticles (NPs) with folic acid and PEG modification are synthesized for efficient delivery of α-TOS to 4T1 cancer cells. The optimized LCCP-FA NPs (NP-TOS15) show an α-TOS loading efficiency of around 60%, and enhanced uptake by 4T1 metastatic cancer cells. Consequently, NP-TOS15 significantly enhance the anticancer effect in combination with interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in terms of apoptosis facilitation and migration inhibition. Importantly, NP-TOS15 upregulate the anticancer immunity via downregulating program death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression that is initially induced by IFN-γ, and remarkably prevent the lung metastasis, particularly in combination with IFN-γ. Further investigation reveals that this combination therapy also modulates the cytotoxic lymphocyte infiltration into the tumor microenvironment for tumor elimination. Taken together, the NP delivery of α-TOS in combination with IFN-γ provides an applicable strategy for cancer therapy. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.AIM Subthreshold syndromes (STS) frequently precede the onset of full-threshold syndromes (FTS) of the corresponding mental disorder (homotypic continuity). This study examines whether subthreshold conditions are comorbid and whether there is heterotypic continuity also between STS and FTS. METHODS Data were extracted from the Brisbane “19Up” cohort study of twins and siblings (N = 1838; 56% female) on individuals who (i) completed self-report ratings of depression-like (DLE), hypomanic-like (HMLE) and psychotic-like experiences (PLE) and (ii) were assessed for mood and psychotic FTS using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). Associations between STS and FTS were estimated using adjusted prevalence ratios (APR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS STS are prevalent, with 22% reporting DLE, 14% HMLE and 5% PLE; 7% reported >1 STS, with PLE most likely to demonstrate comorbidity. Individuals with DLE were likely to meet CIDI criteria for depression (APR 3.71, 95% CI 2.83, 4.89), hypo/mania (APR 3.62, 95% CI 2.21, 5.94) and psychotic disorders (APR 1.74, 95% CI 1.08, 2.83). Individuals with HMLE were likely to meet CIDI criteria for depression (APR 2.29, 95% CI 1.58, 3.31) and hypo/mania (APR 2.51, 95% CI 1.29, 4.91); those with PLE were likely to meet criteria for hypo/mania (APR 5.8, 95% CI 1.90, 17.70) and psychotic disorders (APR 17.27, 95% CI 7.54, 39.65). CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that STS are common among young adults and show heterotypic as well as homotypic continuity with FTS and support the need for more trans-diagnostic research on the evolution of major mental disorders. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.INTRODUCTION Treatment of fluid overload and anemia remains a challenge in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Hypervolemia can be evaluated using a carbon monoxide (CO) rebreathing method by which blood volume (BV), plasma volume (PV), and red blood cell volumes (RBCV) can be determined. FTI 277 We hypothesized that recurrent hypervolemia would cause hemoglobin (Hb) levels to be in the anemic range without a concurrent reduction in RBCV in patients undergoing hemodialysis. METHODS BV, PV, and RBCV were determined by a CO rebreathing test in 19 patients with type 2 diabetes undergoing chronic hemodialysis. The tests were performed 20 minutes before initiating dialysis, and the measured intravascular volumes were compared with predicted normal intravascular volumes according to Nadler’s equation. Before initiating dialysis, Hb and blood pressure were measured, and edema severity was graded. FINDINGS Measured BV was higher in 17 out of the 19 patients with a median of 71.1 (62.4-76.9) mL/kg and higher than the predicted BV of 58.3 (53.5-59.9) mL/kg (P  less then  0.001). The measured PV was found to be higher in all patients. RBCV was measured as 25.2 (23.4-28.2) mL/kg with a predicted volume of 25.9 (22.4-26.7) mL/kg (P = 0.56). Eighteen patients were anemic as determined by Hb concentrations (defined as Hb  less then  13 g/dL for men and less then 12 g/dL for women), and nine were anemic according to RBCV. DISCUSSION The CO rebreathing test is a new approach to measuring intravascular volumes in hemodialysis patients. Compared with predicted intravascular volumes, the predialysis BV was expanded in the majority with elevated PV as the main cause. No overall difference in RBCV was found between the measured and predicted volumes. According to predialysis Hb levels, all but one patient was anemic, but according to the measured RBCV, only nine were in the anemic range, indicating dilution of Hb. © 2020 International Society for Hemodialysis.