36/1000 live births (95% CI 0.22-0.56/1000), comparable to other recent reports. Over 2010-2018 when laboratory data were available, 1120 TermPROM women with ROM ≥18 h avoided antibiotics because they were GBS PCR-negative (2.3% of all births, 3.6% of vaginal births) while 338 TermPROM women with ROM less then 18 h received targeted antibiotics for being GBS-positive. No cases of EOGBS occurred in TermPROM women, those with ROM ≥18 h, or due to protocol-compliance failure. CONCLUSIONS A hybrid approach involving risk-factor-based IAP and intrapartum GBS PCR screening of non-labouring TermPROM women delivers acceptably low rates of EOGBS while minimising and better targeting antibiotic exposure. © 2020 The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists.Examining the multitude of influences on the development of adolescent stress responses, especially among low-income families, is a critical and understudied topic in the field. The current study examined cortisol attunement between adolescent girls and parents (mostly mothers) from predominantly low-income, single parent, ethnic minority families before and after an in-laboratory disagreement discussion task. The sample consisted of 118 adolescents (Mage  = 13.79 years, 76.3% ethnic minorities, 23.7% European Americans) and primary caregivers (Mage  = 40.62 years; Mdn yearly income = $24,000; 43.2% single parents; 50% living below poverty line). We investigated oxytocin receptor (OXTR rs53576) gene variations as a potential contributor to attunement within the dyad. Results showed that parents and adolescents showed stress system attunement across the disagreement task, but that parent and adolescent oxytocin receptor genotype did not impact attunement. HSP (HSP90) inhibitor Future studies should detail biological factors that contribute to the calibration of stress response systems of adolescents across a variety of samples, particularly those experiencing a combination of stressors. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.BACKGROUND In patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and compensated advanced chronic liver disease (cACLD) there is evidence that sustained virological response (SVR) to direct-acting antivirals (DAA) may ameliorate portal hypertension, although both the course of oesophageal varices and the performance of their non-invasive predictors following DAA-induced SVR are less defined. In this study, our aim was to assess the variation in oesophageal varices status in HCV patients with cACLD who obtained an SVR to DAAs, and to evaluate the diagnostic performance of non-invasive predictors of varices after HCV cure. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixty-three HCV patients with cACLD and SVR to DAAs were prospectively followed up, and oesophageal varices surveillance was carried out according to the Baveno VI indications. Appearance and disappearance of varices, accuracy performance of their non-invasive predictors (Baveno/expanded Baveno VI criteria, platelet count/spleen diameter ratio), and number of endoscopies spared with their application were calculated. RESULTS Following SVR, varices developed or disappeared in 12.1% and 17.4% of patients, respectively. The negative predictive value for varices of the Baveno VI, expanded Baveno VI criteria, and platelet count/spleen diameter ratio following SVR were 88.2% (65.6-96.7), 83.3% (66.3-92.7), and 80.7% (67.1-89.5), respectively. Their application would have saved 30.4%, 42.9%, 55.4% of endoscopies, with no varices needing treatment missed using both Baveno VI criteria. CONCLUSIONS In HCV patients with cACLD, following SVR to DAA, the expanded Baveno VI criteria provide the best balance between utility (diagnostic accuracy and endoscopies avoided) and safety (varices needing treatment missed) for varices surveillance. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Heterozygous activating variants in PDGFRB (platelet-derived growth factor, beta) are associated with phenotypes including Kosaki overgrowth syndrome (KOGS), Penttinen syndrome and infantile myofibromatosis (IM). Here we present three new cases of KOGS, including a patient with a novel de novo variant c.1477A>t p.(Ser493Cys), and the oldest known individual age 53 years. The KOGS phenotype includes characteristic facial features, tall stature, scoliosis, hyperelastic thin skin, lipodystrophy, variable intellectual and neurological deterioration, and abnormalities on brain imaging. Long-term outcome is unknown. Our cases confirm the phenotypic spectrum includes progressive flexion contractures, camptodactyly, widely spaced teeth, and constriction rings. We also propose novel occasional features including craniosynostosis, ocular pterygia, anterior chamber cleavage syndrome, early osteoporosis, increased pigmentation, recurrent haematomas, predisposition to cellulitis, nail dystrophy, carpal tunnel syndrome, recurrent hypoglycaemia in infancy, joint dislocation, and splenomegaly. Importantly we report fusiform aneurysm of the basilar artery in two patients. Complications include thrombosis and stroke in the oldest reported patient and a fatal rupture age 20 in the patient with the novel variant. We conclude that cerebrovascular complications are part of the phenotypic spectrum of KOGS and KOGS-like disorders and suggest vascular imaging is indicated in these patients. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.A 29-year-old Chinese male with recurrent alveolar soft part sarcoma of the tongue metastatic to lung presented with fever and rash (Figure 1a). He underwent glossectomy and adjuvant radiotherapy, complicated by recurrence and abscess with sinus tract formation on the right neck. Current therapy included ipilimumab 3mg/kg and nivolumab 1mg/kg (completed 9 cycles; last dose two days before admission), and cabozantinib 40mg daily (held for six weeks due to sinus tract in the neck). This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Instructive feedback (IF) is a modification to discrete trial instruction that may increase instructional efficiency for individuals with autism spectrum disorder. Several variations of IF have recently been evaluated in the literature; however, few studies have assessed the effectiveness and efficiency of presenting secondary targets on continuous versus intermittent presentation schedules. The current study evaluated the effectiveness and efficiency of various presentation schedules of secondary targets during discrete trial instruction. Specifically, we replicated and extended Griffen et al. (1998) by comparing a condition in which secondary targets were presented during each trial of a session, a condition in which secondary targets were presented every other trial, and a condition in which secondary targets were presented about every 4 trials. Within-subject replications were included for both participants. One of the intermittent presentation schedules was associated with the most optimal outcomes in all 4 comparisons.