16S rDNA sequencing might thus be a useful tool for accurate detection of pathogens in forensic practice.Latinx immigrants and men, in particular, living in the US are disproportionally impacted by HIV. Despite these concerns, there is limited research on the development, implementation, and evaluation of community-based HIV education and HIV testing interventions. The current study describes such efforts within a historic Mexican immigrant enclave in Chicago. A mixed-methods case study was used to describe intervention development, as well as preliminary evaluation data. Community intervention components were refined through early focus groups, asset mapping, community networking and consultation with cultural advisors. We exceeded our activity goals. We were successful in reaching a segment of the population that is often overlooked and remains unaware of HIV and its risks. Incorporating social network approaches could facilitate reaching at-risk community groups. Demonstration projects require more time and resources (fiscal and technical) to develop, refine, evaluate and sustain community-level intervention components.Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy is the most common cause of neurological disability in infancy. Superimposed inflammation may further worsen neurological outcomes. Reliable biomarkers which are both sensitive to hypoxic-ischemia and inflammation are critically needed. We tested plasma osteopontin (OPN) and glial fibrillary astrocytic protein (GFAP) within the reported therapeutic window (90 min after hypoxic-ischemic (HI) injury) in neonatal rats with different HI severity and inflammation. Two different HI severity groups (mild-HI with 75 min hypoxia and severe-HI with 150 min hypoxia) were established. Inflammation-sensitized HI brain injury induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) further increased apoptotic neurons and infarct volumes. In HI alone groups, OPN was significantly decreased (p  less then  0.001) but GFAP was slightly increased (p  less then  0.05) at 90 min after HI either in mild-HI or severe-HI compared with naïve group. In LPS-sensitized HI groups, both OPN and GFAP were significantly increased either in LPS-mild-HI or LPS-severe-HI groups compared with the naïve group (all p  less then  0.05). Induced inflammation by LPS exaggerated neonatal HI brain injury. The plasma OPN and GFAP levels may be useful to differentiate HI alone groups from inflammation-sensitized HI groups or naïve group.We study resident-invader dynamics in fluctuating environments when the invader and the resident have close but distinct strategies. First we focus on a class of continuous-time models of unstructured populations of multi-dimensional strategies, which incorporates environmental feedback and environmental stochasticity. Then we generalize our results to a class of structured population models. We classify the generic population dynamical outcomes of an invasion event when the resident population in a given environment is non-growing on the long-run and stochastically persistent. Our approach is based on the series expansion of a model with respect to the small strategy difference, and on the analysis of a stochastic fast-slow system induced by time-scale separation. Theoretical and numerical analyses show that the total size of the resident and invader population varies stochastically and dramatically in time, while the relative size of the invader population changes slowly and asymptotically in time. Thereby the classification is based on the asymptotic behavior of the relative population size, and which is shown to be fully determined by invasion criteria (i.e., without having to study the full generic dynamical system). Our results extend and generalize previous results for a stable resident equilibrium (particularly, Geritz in J Math Biol 50(1)67-82, 2005; Dercole and Geritz in J Theor Biol 394231-254, 2016) to non-equilibrium resident population dynamics as well as resident dynamics with stochastic (or deterministic) drivers.

Several factors may contribute to bile duct injury (BDI) repair failure. The objective of our study was to evaluate factors that contribute to the loss of patency and influence the actuarial patency rate of BDI repairs in an 11-year period.

Retrospective review study of patients who underwent a hepaticojejunostomy for a type E Bismuth-Strasberg BDI (2008-2019). The outcomes are the following primary patency attained, loss of primary patency, and actuarial primary patency rate. Logistic regression for loss of patency and Cox regression for actuarial patency rate were used.

Seventy-nine patients (age 42.3 ± 15.8years, 81% female) were studied. Most common index operation was open cholecystectomy (60.8%). Most common Bismuth-Strasberg lesion was E4 (38%). Primary patency was 93.4%. Mean follow-up was 36 ± 34months. Ten-year actuarial patency was 53.9%. Factors associated with loss of patency were vasculobiliary injury, biliary stents, and 90-day biliary complications (univariate); number of surgeries before repair and postoperative cholangitis (univariate and multivariate) (p < 0.05). Factors that impacted actuarial patency rate were (univariate analysis) 90-day biliary complications; postoperative cholangitis and index treatment period stenosis (p < 0.05). No factors impacted actuarial patency rate in multivariate analysis.

Postoperative cholangitis is associated with loss of patency and had potentially detrimental effect on the actuarial patency rate in BDI repair.

Postoperative cholangitis is associated with loss of patency and had potentially detrimental effect on the actuarial patency rate in BDI repair.Invasive infections caused by carbapenemase-producing bacteria are associated with excess mortality. We applied a rapid diagnostic test (RDT) on clinical samples with an elevated likelihood of carbapenemase-producing bacteria and documented its impact on antibiotic treatment decisions. Among 38 patients, twelve tested positive for infections caused by carbapenemase-producing bacteria (31.6%), mainly in blood cultures. KPC (n = 10) was more frequent than OXA-48 (n = 2). RDT-based carbapenemase detection led to a treatment modification to ceftazidime/avibactam-containing regimens in all patients before detailed antibiotic testing results became available. Troglitazone Eleven patients (92%) survived the acute infection, whereas one patient with a ceftazidime/avibactam- and colistin-resistant OXA-48-positive isolate died.