The developed SERS-based immunoassay is successfully applied to the determination of Aβ1-42 and P-Tau-181 in human serum specimens, which provides a promising tool for the early diagnosis of AD.

Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) has good targeting and non-invasive advantages in the treatment of solid cancers, and checkpoint blockade immunotherapy is also a promising treatment to cure cancer. However, their antitumor effects are not sufficient due to some inherent factors. Some studies that combined SDT with immunotherapy or nanoparticles have managed to enhance its efficiency to treat cancers.

In this work, an effective therapeutic strategy that can potentiate the antitumor efficacy of anti-PD-L1 antibody (aPD-L1) is developed by the use of cascade immuno-sonodynamic therapy (immuno-SDT). Titanium dioxide (TiO

), a nanostructured agent for SDT, sonosensitizer Chlorin e6 (Ce6), and immunological adjuvant CpG oligonucleotide (CpG ODN), are used to construct a multifunctional nanosonosensitizer (TiO

-Ce6-CpG). Then, we conducted in vitro and in vivo experiments to explore the antitumor effect of TiO

-Ce6-CpG under ultrasound (US) treatment.

The characterization tests showed that the nanosonosensitizersides a promising strategy and offers a new vision for treating malignant tumors.

With the development of bacterial resistance, the range of effective antibiotics is increasingly becoming more limited. The effective use of nanoscale antimicrobial peptides (AP) in therapeutic and diagnostic methods is a strategy for new antibiotics.

Combining both AP and cadmium selenide (CdSe) into a composite material may result in a reagent with novel properties, such as enhanced antibacterial activity, fluorescence and favorable stability in aqueous solution.

AP-loaded CdSe NPs (AP-CdSe NPs) showed strong antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant (MDR)

(

) and

(

) in vitro and in vivo. Colony-forming unit (CFU) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays showed that AP-CdSe NPs have highly effective antibacterial activity. The quantitative analysis of apoptosis by flow cytometry analysis further confirmed that MDR

and

treated with AP-CdSe NPs had death rates of 98.76% and 99.13%, respectively. Also, AP-CdSe NPs was found to inhibit bacterial activity in an in vivo bacteremia model in mice infected with

. In addition, the antibacterial mechanism of AP-CdSe NPs was determined by RNA sequencing analysis. Gene ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis revealed the molecular mechanism of the antibacterial effect of AP-CdSe NPs. Importantly, histopathology analysis, and hematological toxicity analysis indicated that AP-CdSe NPs had few side effects.

These results demonstrate that AP loaded on CdSe NPs had a higher water solubility, bioavailability and antibacterial effect compared with raw AP. This study reports findings that are helpful for the design and development of antibacterial treatment strategies based on AP.

These results demonstrate that AP loaded on CdSe NPs had a higher water solubility, bioavailability and antibacterial effect compared with raw AP. This study reports findings that are helpful for the design and development of antibacterial treatment strategies based on AP.

The development of vaccines is a promising and cost-effective strategy to prevent emerging multidrug-resistant (MDR)

(

) infections. The purpose of this study was to prepare a multiepitope peptide nanovaccine and evaluate its immunogenicity and protective effect in BALB/c mice.

The B-cell and T-cell epitopes of Omp22 from

were predicted using bioinformatics methods and identified by immunological experiments. The optimal epitopes were conjugated in series by 6-aminocaproic acid and chemically synthesized multiepitope polypeptide rOmp22. Then, rOmp22 was encapsulated by chitosan (CS) and poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) to prepare CS-PLGA-rOmp22 nanoparticles (NPs). The immunogenicity and immunoprotective efficacy of the vaccine were evaluated in BALB/c mice.

CS-PLGA-rOmp22 NPs were small (mean size of 272.83 nm) with apparently spherical structures, positively charged (4.39 mV) and nontoxic to A549 cells. A high encapsulation efficiency (54.94%) and a continuous slow release pattern were achieved. Compared with nonencapsulated rOmp22, CS-PLGA-rOmp22 immunized BALB/c mice induced higher levels of rOmp22-specific IgG in serum and IFN-γ in splenocyte supernatant. Additionally, lung injury and bacterial burdens in the lung and blood were suppressed, and potent protection (57.14%-83.3%) against acute lethal intratracheal

challenge was observed in BALB/c mice vaccinated with CS-PLGA-rOmp22.

CS-PLGA-rOmp22 NPs elicited specific IgG antibodies, Th1 cellular immunity and protection against acute lethal intratracheal

challenge. Our results indicate that this nanovaccine is a desirable candidate for preventing

infection.

CS-PLGA-rOmp22 NPs elicited specific IgG antibodies, Th1 cellular immunity and protection against acute lethal intratracheal A. baumannii challenge. Perifosine manufacturer Our results indicate that this nanovaccine is a desirable candidate for preventing A. baumannii infection.

Statins have, due to their anti-inflammatory properties, been suggested to potentially improve chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) outcomes. We aimed to investigate the effect of statins on time to first exacerbation and all-cause mortality in high-risk COPD outpatients.

All outpatients with COPD seen at the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Denmark in 2016 were identified and followed for 3.5 years in this retrospective, registry-based cohort study of time to first acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) or death. AECOPD was defined as a rescue course of oral corticosteroid and/or hospital admission. The association was estimated using time-varying crude and multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression.

The cohort comprised 950 COPD outpatients, mean (SD) age 71 (11) years, and FEV1 44% predicted (IQR 33%; 57%). The annual exacerbation rate was 0.88 (1.68) and 211 patients (22%) had a history of hospital admission for AECOPD in the 12 months prior to index date.