A total of 2,956 patients with a median age of 7.8 years at the start of KRT were included. After 3 years, the overall probability of death was 5%, ranging from 2% in North America to 9% in Eastern Europe. Mortality rates were higher in low-income countries than in high-income countries. Income category explained 50.1% of the variance in mortality risk between regions. Other explanatory factors included peritoneal dialysis modality at start (22.5%) and body mass index (11.1%).

The interpretation of interregional survival differences as found in this study may be hampered by selection bias.

This study shows that the overall 3-year patient survival on pediatric MPD is high, and that country income is associated with patient survival.

This study shows that the overall 3-year patient survival on pediatric MPD is high, and that country income is associated with patient survival.

The clinical impact of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), in immunocompromised patients has not been systematically evaluated.

We reviewed current literature reporting on COVID-19 in cancer (CA), hematopoietic cell (HCT), and solid organ transplant (SOT) patients and compared their clinical data and outcomes to the general population. For adult CA, HCT and SOT patients, an extensive search strategy retrieved all articles published until July 20, 2020 by combining the terms coronavirus, coronavirus infection, COVID-19, and SARS-CoV-2 in PubMed, Cochrane, and Web of Science, and following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis guidelines. For the pediatric CA cohort, a global COVID-19 registry was used. For the general population cohort, a large meta-analysis was used to compare pooled prevalence estimates, and two large meta-analyses were utilized to serve as pooled comparators for hospitalized COVID-19 patients.

Compared to the general population, adult CA and SOT patients with COVID-19 had higher comorbidities, greater levels of inflammatory markers at diagnosis, and higher rates of intensive care and hospital mortality. Pediatric CA patients and HCT patients with COVID-19 tended to have clinical presentations and outcomes similar to the general population.

To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review evaluating COVID-19 phenotype and outcomes in immunocompromised patients and comparing them to the general population, which shows that hospital outcomes appear to be worse in adult CA and SOT patients, potentially due to their higher co-morbidity burden.

None.

None.The outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic has emerged as a major challenge from human health perspective. The alarming exponential increase in the transmission and fatality rates related to this disease has brought the world to a halt so as to cope up with its stern consequences. This has led to the imposition of lockdown across the globe to prevent the further spread of this disease. This lock down brought about drastic impacts at social and economic fronts. UNC0379 price However, it also posed some positive impacts on environment as well particularly in the context of air quality due to reduction in concentrations of particulate matter (PM), NO2 and CO across the major cities of the globe as indicated by several research organizations. In China, Italy, France and Spain, there were about 20-30% reduction in NO2 emission while in USA 30% reduction in NO2 emission were observed. Compared to previous year, there was 11.4% improvement in the air quality in China. Drastic reductions in NO (-77.3%), NO2 (-54.3%) and CO (-64.8%) (negative sign indicating a decline) concentrations were observed in Brazil during partial lockdown compared to the five year monthly mean. In India there were about -51.84, -53.11, -17.97, -52.68, -30.35, 0.78 and -12.33% reduction in the concentration of PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, CO, O3 and NH3 respectively. This article highlights the impact of lockdown on the environment and also discusses the pre and post lockdown air pollution scenario across major cities of the world. Several aspect of environment such as air, water, noise pollution and waste management during, pre and post lockdown scenario were studied and evaluated comprehensively. This research would therefore serve as a guide to environmentalist, administrators and frontline warriors for fighting our the way to beat this deadly disease and minimize its long term implications on health and environment.Coexisting ammonium (NH4+-N) and phosphate (PO43–P) in wastewater is one of the main causes of eutrophication, which poses severe risks to aquatic ecosystem and human health worldwide. Herein, magnesium-rich tricalcium aluminate (Mg/C3A), which was constructed by incorporating Mg into cement-based material C3A via solid-state reaction, was employed in the simultaneous removal of NH4+-N and PO43–P. Considering the wastewater with unbalanced N/P ratio and fluctuant pH, the effect of multiple factors (Mg/C3A dosage, pH, initial contaminant concentration, and temperature) on the removal of both ions were systematically investigated by employing response surface methodology technique. The results demonstrated that the impact order of the factors on the NH4+ removal by Mg/C3A was temperature > Mg/C3A dosage > initial NH4+ concentration > pH > initial PO43- concentration; the impact order on the PO43- removal was initial PO43- concentration > Mg/C3A dosage > temperature > pH > initial NH4+ concentration. The maximum removal amount of NH4+ (54.13 mg g-1) and PO43- (56.47 mg g-1) were obtained at Mg/C3A dosage = 3 g L-1, initial NH4+ concentration = 160 mg L-1, initial PO43- concentration = 160 mg L-1, temperature = 308 K, and pH = 7. In addition, the possible interactive influence mechanisms were elucidated in depth. Mg2+ played a major role in the PO43- removal by forming struvite (MgNH4PO4·6H2O) and newberyite (MgHPO4·3H2O). OH- released from Mg/C3A hydration mainly contributed to NH4+ removal. This work showed that Mg-rich C3A is a promising candidate for simultaneous removal of NH4+ and PO43-, shedding light on practical water remediation.