Purpose Idiopathic junctional ectopic tachycardia (JET) is typically refractory to antiarrhythmic agents. Catheter ablation for JET is feasible but is associated with high risk of unintended atrioventricular (AV) block. There is limited data on the appropriate procedural technique and clinical outcomes with catheter ablation for idiopathic JET in adults. Methods This is a multicenter, retrospective study of all adult patients (age ≥ 18 years) who underwent catheter ablation for idiopathic JET. Patient, procedural characteristics, and long-term outcomes were evaluated. Results Fifteen patients [radiofrequency ablation (RF) = 14 and cryoablation = 1) were treated with catheter ablation. The median age was 58 years with 67% males. All patients underwent mapping of the right atrium and the aortic cusps prior to energy delivery. The location of earliest activation in relation to the atrioventricular (AV) node was postero-superior in 73% (11/15), posterior in 13% (2/15), and superior in 13% (2/15) respectively. Acute success was 100%. Arrhythmia recurrence occurred in 53% (8/15) all of whom underwent a repeat ablation. High-grade AV block requiring permanent pacemaker occurred in 20% (3/15). At 12-month follow-up in the redo-ablation group, 37.5% (3/8) had recurrence of the arrhythmia two of which underwent a third ablation procedure. Conclusion Catheter ablation of idiopathic JET in adults is associated with a high rate of recurrence requiring multiple procedures and high risk of AV block requiring a permanent pacemaker. Mapping and ablation of the non-coronary cusp can be considered as the arrhythmia was controlled in 3 patients with no inadvertent AV block.Introduction We investigated if uptake pattern on myocardial perfusion SPECT (MPS) in patients with left bundle branch block (LBBB) is related to myocardial fibrosis, myocardial wall motion, and electrocardiography (ECG) characteristics. Methods Twenty-three patients (9 women) with LBBB, examined with MPS and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), were included. Tracer uptake on MPS was classified by visual interpretation as typical LBBB pattern (Defect+, n = 13) or not (Defect-, n = 10) and quantitatively. CMR images were evaluated for wall thickness and for myocardial wall motion both by visual assessment and by regional myocardial radial strain from feature tracking, and for presence and location of myocardial fibrosis. ECGs were analyzed regarding QRS duration and the presence of strict criteria for LBBB. Results Wall thickness was slightly lower in the septum compared to the lateral wall in Defect+ patients (5.6 ± 1.1 vs 6.0 ± 1.3 mm, P = 0.03) but not in Defect- patients (5.6 ± 1.0 vs 5.6 ± 0.9 mm, P = 0.84). Defect+ patients showed a larger proportion of dyskinetic segments in the septum and hyperkinetic segments in the lateral wall compared to Defect- patients (P = 0.006 and P = 0.004, respectively). Decreased myocardial radial strain was associated with decreased tracer uptake by MPS (R = 0.37, P less then 0.001). Areas of fibrosis did not match areas with uptake defect on MPS. selleck compound No differences in ECG variables were seen. Conclusion The heterogeneous regional tracer uptake in some patients with LBBB is related to underlying regional myocardial dyskinesia, wall thickening, and wall thickness rather than stress-induced ischemia, myocardial fibrosis, or specific ECG characteristics.This study aimed to investigate the risk factors for depressive symptoms among rural residents in Brazil. A representative sample of two hundred eighty-eight volunteers aged from 18 to 65 years was included and determining factors for high BDI-II score were investigated through a multivariate logistic model. Sadness, loss of pleasure, crying, worthlessness and loss of interest in sex are more likely to be observed in females, and risk factors to this high depression score among rural residents were shown to be female gender, tobacco use, pesticide application, poor self-perceived health and presence of chronic disease. These data contribute to the knowledge of factors determining depressive symptoms among rural residents and may help to expand health policies to improve quality of rural life on these communities and others with similar characteristics.When bones are submitted to mortuaries significant time and resources from both police and anthropologists are required, even if they are subsequently determined to be non-human. A survey of non-human bone casework was made in order to determine the scope of this problem and the different bone types being assessed. This study used data from nine years of casework at the NSW Department of Forensic Medicine (DOFM), Sydney. It analyzed the number of non-human cases that were assessed, the types of animals represented in these bones, the bone elements found, their condition and their location when found. By 2016, over 70% of skeletal cases handled each year by the Sydney DOFM were non-human. The most common animal remains were sheep and cattle, and the skeletal elements appearing in the greatest number of cases were vertebrae, followed by femora and tibiae. Skull fragments were rare. Slightly more cases were found on the surface rather than buried. Fragmentation might have been expected to contribute to difficulties in identifying bones, but in fact 32% of cases consisted of complete bones only. This study shows a very high proportion of non-human forensic casework in the Sydney region. Data presented in this study may prove useful in designing training workshops in non-human bone identification. KEY POINTS/HIGHLIGHTS 1. Non-human bones are frequently encountered by the public and trained anthropologists at mortuaries can usually quickly identify almost all as human or non-human. 2. We investigated the prevalence of non-human bones entering the mortuary over a period of 9 years. 3. Results indicate vertebrae and long bones of sheep and cattle are those most commonly mistaken for human bones. 4. These results can be used to suggest training methods to improve understanding and identification.Background Recent studies reported on high uptake of the PSMA ligands [68Ga]HBED-CC (68Ga-PSMA) and 18F-DCFPyL in cerebral gliomas. This study explores the regional uptake and cellular targets of 68Ga-PSMA and 18F-DCFPyL in three different rat glioma models. Methods F98, 9 L, or U87 rat gliomas were implanted into the brains of 38 rats. After 13 days of tumor growth, 68Ga-PSMA (n = 21) or 18F-DCFPyL (n = 17) was injected intravenously, and animals were sacrificed 40 min later. Five animals for each tracer and tumor model were additionally investigated by micro-PET at 20-40 min post injection. Cryosections of the tumor bearing brains were analyzed by ex vivo autoradiography and immunofluorescence staining for blood vessels, microglia, astrocytes, and presence of PSMA. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability was tested by coinjection of Evans blue dye (EBD). 68Ga-PSMA uptake after restoration of BBB integrity by treatment with dexamethasone (Dex) was evaluated in four animals with U87 gliomas. Competition experiments using the PSMA-receptor inhibitor 2-(phosphonomethyl)pentane-1,5-dioic acid (PMPA) were performed for both tracers in two animals each.