The presence of almost the same set of biosynthetic gene clusters and highly consistent phenotypic test results also supported the synonymy between S. ederensis and S. umbrinus, as well as between S. aurantiacus and S. glomeroaurantiacus. Therefore, S. ederensis should be reclassified as a later heterotypic synonym of S. umbrinus and S. glomeroaurantiacus should be reclassified as a later heterotypic synonym of S. aurantiacus.A novel Gram-reaction-negative bacterial strain, designated Ka43T, was isolated from agricultural soil and characterised using a polyphasic approach to determine its taxonomic position. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strain shows highest similarity (97.1 %) to Cellvibrio diazotrophicus E50T. Cells of strain Ka43T are aerobic, motile, short rods. The major fatty acids are summed feature 3 (C16  1 ω7c and/or iso-C15  0 2-OH), C18  1  ω7c and C16  0. The only isoprenoid quinone is Q-8. The polar lipid profile includes phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, four phospholipids, two lipids and an aminolipid. The assembled genome of strain Ka43T has a total length of 4.2 Mb and the DNA G+C content is 51.6 mol%. Based on phenotypic data, including chemotaxonomic characteristics and analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences, it was concluded that strain Ka43T represents a novel species in the genus Cellvibrio, for which the name Cellvibrio polysaccharolyticus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the species is strain Ka43T (=LMG 31577T=NCAIM B.02637T).Two Gram-negative, aerobic, motile bacteria strains were isolated from leaf spot disease of Quercus mongolica. Strain hsmgli-8T has 99.86 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to LY10J, and the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Pseudomonas cerasi 58T (97.2 %), then Pseudomonas ficuserectae JCM 2400T (97.18 %), Pseudomonas meliae CFBP 3225T, Pseudomonas tremae CFBP 6111T and Pseudomonas congelans DSM 14939T (all 97.12 %), and less than 97.1 % similarity to other recognized species. In phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene and multilocus sequence data, the two novel strains form a separate branch, indicating that they do not belong to any Pseudomonas group and subgroup, and should belong to a novel species within the genus Pseudomonas. This assertion is also supported by the results of genome average nucleotide identity analysis. The major fatty acids are C16  0, C18  1  ω7c and/or C18  1  ω6c, C16  1  ω7c and/or C16  1  ω6c. Polar lipids include phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, aminolipid and seven uncharacterized phospholipids. The predominant respiratory quinone is Q-9. The DNA G+C content is 59.45-59.50 mol%. Based on these data, we propose that the two novel strains should be assigned as a novel species within the genus Pseudomonas. We propose that the novel strains be named Pseudomonas quercus sp. nov. The type strain is hsmgli-8T (=CFCC 15739T=LMG 31544T).A total of 27 Listeria isolates that could not be classified to the species level were obtained from soil samples from different locations in the contiguous United States and an agricultural water sample from New York. Whole-genome sequence-based average nucleotide identity blast (ANIb) showed that the 27 isolates form five distinct clusters; for each cluster, all draft genomes showed ANI values of less then 95 % similarity to each other and any currently described Listeria species, indicating that each cluster represents a novel species. Of the five novel species, three cluster with the Listeria sensu stricto clade and two cluster with sensu lato. One of the novel sensu stricto species, designated L. cossartiae sp. nov., contains two subclusters with an average ANI similarity of 94.9%, which were designated as subspecies. The proposed three novel sensu stricto species (including two subspecies) are Listeria farberi sp. nov. (type strain FSL L7-0091T=CCUG 74668T=LMG 31917T; maximum ANI 91.9 % to L. innocua),d 1 (LIPI-1), and the internalin genes inlA and inlB, indicating that they are non-pathogenic.Background Professionalism is the basis of trust in patient-physician relationships; however, there is very limited evidence focusing on attitudes towards professionalism among medical students. Hence, the main aim of our study was to investigate Malaysian medical students’ attitudes towards professionalism with specific emphasis on the comparison between pre-clinical and clinical students. selleck Our secondary aim was to compare the differences in perception of medical students in Malaysia (pre-clinical and clinical) with Asian medical students studying in Dublin, IrelandMethods This study utilized the Professionalism Mini-Evaluation Exercise (P-MEX) instrument which consists of 25 items that represent four skill categories Doctor-Patient Relationship skills, Reflective skills, Time Management and Inter-Professional Relationship skills. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the demographic information of students and given the ordinal nature of the data, Mann-Whitney U-tests were used.Results Overall, students have positive attitudes to all the professionalism items with more than 80% of the students agreeing that each of the professionalism attributes is important or very important. There was evidence of a significant difference between Malaysian pre-clinical and clinical students in relation to ‘avoiding derogatory language’ only (p = 0.015). When comparing between Malaysian and Dublin Asian students, there was a statistically significant difference in relation to ‘show interest in patient as a person’ (p less then 0.003) for clinical students.Conclusion Our results point to several curriculum implications such as 1) assessing students’ attitudes towards professional attributes is essential when developing the professionalism curriculum, 2) integrating more effective clinical modules early in the curriculum and 3) considering geographical and cultural factors when assessing perception towards professional attributes.

Treatment during acute or early human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection is associated with immunologic and virologic benefits.

To evaluate darunavir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (D/C/F/TAF) efficacy/safety among patients with acute or early HIV-1 infection who rapidly initiate treatment.

DIAMOND (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT03227861), a phase 3 study, evaluated the efficacy/safety of D/C/F/TAF 800/150/200/10 mg in rapid initiation. Adults aged ≥18 years began D/C/F/TAF within 14 days of diagnosis, prior to the availability of screening/baseline laboratory results. In this subgroup analysis, virologic response (HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/mL) was assessed at Week 48 by intent-to-treat FDA snapshot (ITT-FDA snapshot) and observed (excluding patients with missing data) analyses in patients with acute (HIV-1 antibody negative and HIV-1 RNA positive/p24 positive) or early (HIV-1 antibody positive and suspected infection ≤6 months before screening/baseline) infection.

Among 109 patients, 13 had acute and 43 had early HIV-1 infection.