roliferation, migration, invasion, and glycolysis metabolism by miR-488/HK2 axis in CDDP-resistant NSCLC. This finding provides a new mechanism for studying CDDP-resistant therapy in NSCLC.Objective This study aimed to identify the novel microRNAs (miRNAs) for early diagnosis of bladder cancer. Materials and Methods Differentially expressed miRNAs between early and advanced bladder cancer were identified by differential expression analysis, using miRNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The optimal subset of feature miRNAs for pathologic stage prediction was acquired by Random Forest algorithm and was used to construct a support vector machine (SVM) classifier. The performance of the SVM classifier in predicting the progression of bladder cancer samples was validated using an independent validating dataset. An miRNA-regulated target gene network was finally constructed and functional annotation were performed for the target genes. Results A total of 52 significantly differentially expressed miRNAs were identified between early and advanced bladder cancer samples and 17 of these miRNAs were identified to be feature miRNAs. The 17 feature miRNAs were used to construct an SVM classifier, which showed a high performance in pathologic stage prediction for both training and validating dataset. Besides, our functional annotation analysis showed that the feature miRNAs were significantly involved in biological processes and pathways related to extracellular matrix process and PI3K/Akt signaling. Conclusions The optimal subset of miRNAs may act as potential therapeutic targets and diagnostic markers of bladder cancer.We review two different presentations of non-parasitic splenic cysts, both of which are post-traumatic in aetiology. The first case was of slower onset and was managed electively. The second case was of acute onset and was managed as an emergency. Non-parasitic splenic cysts are uncommon and the optimal management strategy for them is not well defined. Historically, treatment has been with open splenectomy; however, infection rates following this surgery have been high, making it an unattractive management option. Both cases were managed successfully with laparoscopic fenestration with no recurrence at subsequent follow-up.Objective Cardiovascular disease (CVD) continues to be a leading cause of death for U.S. adults, especially African Americans (AA). Yet, few studies have examined a comprehensive set of metabolic health and health behavior factors related to CVD risk in this population. This study investigated the relationship between serum leptin and anthropometries (body mass index [BMI], circumferences [waist-WC, hip-HC, and waist/hip ratio W/H]), metabolic health (systolic and diastolic blood pressure [BP], serum lipids, glucose, and C-reactive protein [CRP]), and health behaviors (hours of sleep, physical activity) in midlife and older AAs. Materials and Methods Participants (n = 89, ≥45 years of age) were AAs in six churches in North Florida enrolled in a broader church-based longitudinal study. Anthropometric measurements, serum analyses, and self-reported items. Results Serum leptin was positively correlated with gender (being female) (r = 0.623, p  less then  0.001), BMI log transformed (r = 0.469, p  less then  0.001), WC (r = 0.440, p  less then  0.001), HC (r = 0.658, p  less then  0.001), use of BP medication (r = 0.216, p  less then  0.05), and serum CRP (r = 0.277, p  less then  0.01). Correlations by sex showed significant relationships for both men and women between leptin and BMI log transformed, WC, and HC. this website The final multiple regression model [R2 = 0.758, F(4, 66) = 55.871, p  less then  0.001] showed that 75.8% of the variance in leptin was explained by being female (β = 0.65, p  less then  0.001), WC (β = 0.26, p  less then  0.02), and HC (β = 0.28, p  less then  0.01). Conclusions Findings more specifically delineate the variables associated with serum leptin in AAs, particularly WC and HC, and suggest greater attention to possible risk for leptin resistance in AA females. Clinical Trial Registration This study is registered at http://www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT03339050.Multiple choice exams are ubiquitous, but advice on test-taking strategies varies and is not always well informed by research. This study evaluated the question of whether students benefit or are harmed when they change their initial answers on multiple choice questions in the context of physiology and biology courses. Previously marked examinations were reviewed for eraser marks that indicated answer changes, and the impact of these changes on exam grades was tabulated. In addition, faculty and students were surveyed for their opinions about changing answers. A plurality of faculty (36%) reported a belief that answer changes usually harm student grades, whereas a slim majority of students (51%) believed that answer changing helped their scores (χ2 = 60.52, P less then 0.0001). Empirically, across two exams, students changed their answer from an incorrect answer to a correct one 2.8 times (SD 2.2) compared with 1.0 time (SD 1.4) changing in the negative direction. Therefore, on average, students benefited (V = 123.5, P less then 0.0001) from answer changing. Furthermore, comparing across two exams in the same course, some students were consistently more likely to change their answers than others (adjusted R2 = 0.23, P less then 0.0001), but the impact of changing answers on the first exam provided no prediction of how much a student would benefit from answer changing on the second exam (adjusted R2 = -0.004, P = 0.42). These data support the argument that students should be advised to review and revise responses to exam questions before submitting them.Bolstered by evidence of the health benefits of exercise, health professionals advise their patients about it. Thus these professionals should have a basic knowledge of exercise physiology. In Brazil, a graduate degree is not mandatory, so for many health providers, the only opportunity to receive information on exercise physiology content is during their undergraduate study. Therefore, it is imperative that health science undergraduate programs include content on exercise physiology. The aim of the study was to verify the presence of exercise physiology (or similar coursework) in the curricula of seven health science undergraduate programs (biomedicine, physical education, nursing, physiotherapy, medicine, nutrition, and psychology). The study was divided into three phases 1) a survey of the total number of undergraduate programs (n = 4,940) through an electronic system of the Brazilian Ministry of Education (e-MEC); 2) a random selection of 10% of the total undergraduate programs (n = 494) for further analysis of the curriculum; and 3) analysis of the curricula of the selected undergraduate programs.