and more challenging issues such as creating a supportive culture. Respondents offered new ideas for engaging patients and families in improving note accuracy.

To determine how serologic antibody testing outcome links with virus neutralization of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), we evaluated individuals for SARS-CoV-2 antibody level and viral neutralization.

We compared serum Ig levels across platforms of viral antigens and antibodies with 15 positive and 30 negative SARS-CoV-2 controls followed by viral neutralization assessment. We then applied these platforms to a clinically relevant cohort of 114 individuals with unknown histories of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

In controls, the best-performing virus-specific antibody detection platforms were SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD) IgG (sensitivity 87%, specificity 100%, positive predictive value [PPV] 100%, negative predictive value [NPV] 94%), spike IgG3 (sensitivity 93%, specificity 97%, PPV 93%, NPV 97%), and nucleocapsid protein (NP) IgG (sensitivity 93%, specificity 97%, PPV 93%, NPV 97%). Neutralization of positive and negative control sera showed 100% agreement. Twenty individuals with unknown history had detectable SARS-CoV-2 antibodies with 16 demonstrating virus neutralization. Spike IgG3 provided the highest accuracy for predicting serologically positive individuals with virus neutralization activity (misidentified 1/20 unknowns compared to 2/20 for RBD and NP IgG).

The coupling of virus neutralization analysis to a spike IgG3 antibody test is optimal to categorize patients for correlates of SARS-CoV-2 immune protection status.

The coupling of virus neutralization analysis to a spike IgG3 antibody test is optimal to categorize patients for correlates of SARS-CoV-2 immune protection status.

Attributing neuropsychiatric manifestations to SLE is often challenging. Brain white matter lesions are frequent in SLE at MRI, but their diagnostic role is unclear. Here, we assessed whether white matter lesions count, volume and distribution measurement can help in the diagnosis of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE).

Brain dual-echo and 3D T1-weighted sequences were acquired from 32 patients with SLE and 32 healthy controls with a 3 T-scanner and employed to derive T2-hyperintense lesion volume (T2LV), number (T2LN) and probability maps (LPM) using a semi-automatic local thresholding segmentation technique. NPSLE was classified as per the ACR nomenclature, the Italian Society for Rheumatology algorithm and by clinical impression. Clinical descriptors including the SLE International Collaborating Clinics/ACR damage index (SDI) were also recorded.

Higher T2LV were observed in SLE vs healthy controls (P<0.001) and in NPSLE vs other SLE (P=0.006). Patients with NPSLE also had higher T2LN (P=0.003) compared with other SLE. In SLE, T2LPM revealed a high prevalence of lesions in the splenium of the corpus callosum, right superior longitudinal fasciculus and right corona radiata. T2LV and T2LN correlated with SLE duration (rho = 0.606; P<0.001 and rho = 0.483; P=0.005, respectively) and age (rho = 0.478; P=0.006 and rho = 0.362; P = 0.042, respectively). T2LV also correlated with SDI (rho = 0.352; P=0.048). SLE patients with fatigue had lower T2LN (P=0.038) compared with patients without fatigue. Thresholds of T2LV ≥ 0.423 cm3 or of T2LN ≥ 12 were associated with definite NPSLE and improved the classification of patients with possible NPSLE per clinical impression.

Brain white matter lesions (WML) quantitation adds to NPSLE diagnostics.

Brain white matter lesions (WML) quantitation adds to NPSLE diagnostics.Eastern New York State is frequently the site of Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Say) populations with the highest observed levels of insecticide resistance to a range of active ingredients. The dominance of a resistant phenotype will affect its rate of increase and the potential for management. On organic farms on Long Island, L. decemlineata evolved high levels of resistance to spinosad in a short period of time and that resistance has spread across the eastern part of the Island. Navitoclax Resistance has also emerged in other parts of the country as well. To clarify the level of dominance or recessiveness of spinosad resistance in different parts of the United States and how resistance differs in separate beetle populations, we sampled in 2010 beetle populations from Maine, Michigan, and Long Island. In addition, a highly resistant Long Island population was assessed in 2012. All populations were hybridized with a laboratory-susceptible strain to determine dominance. None of the populations sampled in 2010 were significantly different from additive resistance, but the Long Island population sampled in 2012 was not significantly different from fully recessive. Recessive inheritance of high-level resistance may help manage its increase.Metabolomics can indicate the physiological and biochemical responses of mosquitoes to different stimulants, including insecticides, which allow them to adapt to different inhospitable environments. Though metabolic differences between insecticide-resistant and -susceptible strains have been established for other mosquito species, such as Anopheles and Culex, it is yet to be done for Aedes albopictus (Skuse). In this study, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy-based metabolomic analysis performed on Ae. albopictus deltamethrin-resistant and -susceptible strains showed significant differences in amino acid, organic acid, and sugar metabolism. Concentrations of neutral amino acids and sugars tended to be lower in the deltamethrin-resistant strain than in the deltamethrin-suceptible strain, but the concentration of basic and acidic amino acids and organic acids increased. All these changes might accommodate biochemical and physiological needs in deltamethrin-resistant mosquitoes, such as enzyme synthesis and detoxification. This was further confirmed by the predictable draft metabolic map. This is the first report using NMR spectroscopy to investigate the metabolic differences between deltamethrin-resistant and -susceptible strains of Ae. albopictus. To a certain degree, this demonstrates how Ae. albopictus develop insecticide resistance by metabolic reprograming to survive under the insecticide pressure.