Muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is associated with high rates of recurrence and poor prognosis despite aggressive treatment. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy before radical cystectomy (RC) improves outcomes in cisplatin-eligible patients; however, the improvement in overall survival is modest. Standard of care for cisplatin-ineligible patients remains RC; more effective systemic therapies are needed. Recent Phase Ib/II studies suggest pembrolizumab monotherapy and combination therapy are effective neoadjuvant therapies for MIBC. The randomized Phase III KEYNOTE-866 and KEYNOTE-905/EV-303 studies are being conducted to evaluate efficacy and safety of perioperative pembrolizumab or placebo with chemotherapy in cisplatin-eligible patients with MIBC (KEYNOTE-866) and of pembrolizumab monotherapy versus pembrolizumab plus enfortumab vedotin versus RC plus pelvic lymph node dissection alone in cisplatin-ineligible patients with MIBC (KEYNOTE-905/EV-303). Clinical trial registration NCT03924856 & NCT03924895 (ClinicalTrials.gov).

We aimed to evaluate the long-term impact of fracture-related infection (FRI) on patients’ physical health and psychological wellbeing. For this purpose, quality of life after successful surgical treatment of FRIs of long bones was assessed.

A total of 37 patients treated between November 2009 and March 2019, with achieved eradication of infection and stable bone consolidation after long bone FRI, were included. Quality of life was evaluated with the EuroQol five-dimension questionnaire (EQ-5D) and German Short-Form 36 (SF-36) outcome instruments as well as with an International Classification of Diseases of the World Health Organization (ICD)-10 based symptom rating (ISR) and compared to normative data.

With a mean follow-up of 4.19 years (SD 2.7) after the last surgery, the mean SF-36 score was 40.1 (SD 14.6) regarding the physical health component and 48.7 (SD 5.1) regarding the mental health component, compared to German normative values of 48.4 (SD 9.2) (p < 0.001) and 50.9 (SD 8.8) (p = 0.143).tive data. Future clinical studies on FRIs should focus on patient-related outcome measures enabling best possible shared treatment decision-making. Prevention methods and interdisciplinary approaches should be implemented to improve the overall quality of life of FRI patients. Cite this article Bone Joint Res 2021;10(5)321-327.Although complete omentectomy is traditionally performed in patients with gastric cancer as part of radical gastrectomy to ensure the elimination of micrometastases, the prognostic value of omentectomy during gastrectomy remains unclear. Retrospective studies have shown that the incidence of metastases in the greater omentum is very low in T1-T3 gastric cancer. Thus radical gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy and preservation of the greater omentum may be a proper curative treatment for gastric cancer patients with T1-T3 tumors. The aim of this article is to describe the design and rationale for this prospective, randomized controlled DRAGON-05 trial, conducted to evaluate the prognostic value of omentum-preserving gastrectomy for patients with T1-T3 gastric cancer. Clinical trial registration ChiCTR2000040045 (ClinicalTrials.gov).

The aim of this study is to examine the potential effect of cilostazol and inflammation on cognitive impairment after stroke in an Asian population.

Forty-five patients with cognitive impairment after ischemic stroke using cilostazol were enrolled as the study group and 45 patients using aspirin or clopidogrel were enrolled as the control group. Neuropsychiatric assessments were administered at the start of the study and after 6 months. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the association between the cognitive change and cilostazol use. Macrophage polarization were assessed using flow cytometry in 7 patients.

There were a significantly higher number of patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease in the cilostazol group. No significant differences were observed in the cognitive change between the cilostazol and control groups. M1 macrophage subset increment were observed in the patient having a declined cognitive change.

Cilostazol did not make a significant difference in cognitive change after ischemic stroke. M1 macrophage subset increment may indicate post stroke cognitive decline. Due to limited number of subjects, these findings should be examined further in large-scale randomized clinical trials.

Cilostazol did not make a significant difference in cognitive change after ischemic stroke. M1 macrophage subset increment may indicate post stroke cognitive decline. Due to limited number of subjects, these findings should be examined further in large-scale randomized clinical trials.Contemporary management of ischemic heart disease lacks strategies to directly access the heart and promote reparative cellular mechanisms to improve postinfarct cardiac remodeling. IM156 concentration Epicardial infarct repair (EIR) is an emerging technique whereby bioactive materials are sewn over ischemic areas of the heart at the time of surgical revascularization to promote adaptive cardiac repair. The CorMatrix Cor™ PATCH (CorMatrix Cardiovascular Inc., GA, USA) is an acellular bioactive material compatible with EIR. Herein, we review current preclinical and clinical data for the CorMatrix Cor PATCH and its use in EIR.Aim To investigate the anticancer mechanisms of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in colorectal cancer. Methods Anticancer effects of AgNPs were determined in colorectal cancer HCT116 cells and xenograft mice using cellular and molecular methods. Results AgNPs induced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production, mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress responses through NOX4 and led to HCT116 cell apoptosis. Pretreatment with DPI or 4-PBA significantly inhibited mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production, apoptosis, ER stress response, NOX4 expression and mitochondrial dysfunction in AgNP-treated HCT116 cells. AgNPs also significantly suppressed HCT116 cell-based xenograft tumor growth in nude mice by inducing apoptosis and ER stress responses. Conclusion AgNPs exert anticancer effects against colorectal cancer via ROS- and ER stress-related mitochondrial apoptosis pathways.