dings highlight the importance of independent evaluation of proprietary models before widespread operational use among COVID-19 patients.

We found the EDI identifies small subsets of high- and low-risk COVID-19 patients with good discrimination although its clinical utility as an early warning system is limited by low sensitivity. These findings highlight the importance of independent evaluation of proprietary models before widespread operational use among COVID-19 patients.In this paper, a deterministic model characterizing the within-host infection of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) in intrahepatic and extrahepatic tissues is presented. In addition, the model also includes the effect of the cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) immunity described by a linear activation rate by infected cells. Firstly, the non-negativity and boundedness of solutions of the model are established. Secondly, the basic reproduction number R 01 and immune reproduction number R 02 are calculated, respectively. Three equilibria, namely, infection-free, CTL immune response-free and infected equilibrium with CTL immune response are discussed in terms of these two thresholds. Thirdly, the stability of these three equilibria is investigated theoretically as well as numerically. The results show that when R 01 1 , both of the virus and the CTL immune response persist within the host. Finally, a brief discussion will be given.

Evaluate all-cause and endometriosis-related health care resource utilization and costs among newly diagnosed endometriosis patients with high-risk versus low-risk opioid use or patients with chronic versus non-chronic opioid use.

A retrospective analysis of IBM MarketScan

Commercial Claims data from 2009 to 2018 was performed for females aged 18 to 49 with newly diagnosed endometriosis (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Edition code 617.xx; International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Edition code N80.xx). Two sub-cohorts were identified high-risk (⩾1 day with ⩾90 morphine milligram equivalents per day or ⩾1-day concomitant benzodiazepine use) or chronic opioid utilization (⩾90-day supply prescribed or ⩾10 opioid prescriptions). High-risk or chronic utilization was evaluated during the 12-month assessment period after the index date. Pirinixic mouse Index date was the first opioid prescription within 12 months following endometriosis diagnosis. All outcomes were assessed over 12-month post-assessment is demonstrates significantly higher all-cause and endometriosis-related health care resource utilization and total costs for high-risk opioid users compared to low-risk opioid users among newly diagnosed endometriosis patients over 1 year. Similar trends were observed for comparing chronic opioid users with non-chronic opioid users, except for endometriosis-related pharmacy fills and associated costs.

This analysis demonstrates significantly higher all-cause and endometriosis-related health care resource utilization and total costs for high-risk opioid users compared to low-risk opioid users among newly diagnosed endometriosis patients over 1 year. Similar trends were observed for comparing chronic opioid users with non-chronic opioid users, except for endometriosis-related pharmacy fills and associated costs.Background Over the past decade, the political movement called ‘Revolución Ciudadana’ implemented a variety of policies and interventions (P&I) in Ecuador to improve higher education and strengthen local research capacity. We refer specifically to the ‘Mandato 14′ and the Higher Education Law (LOES, Spanish acronym) launched in 2008 and 2010, respectively. Objective To assess the impact of these P&I (Mandato 14/LOES) on the production of health sciences-related articles (HSRA), and the relationship of these HSRA with the country’s health priorities. Methods A Scopus search was performed to retrieve HSRA published from 1999 to 2017. Bivariate analysis was used to assess variation between the period I (1999-2008) and period II (2009-2017). Further, we examined the association between the top 10 causes of mortality and the total HSRA output. Results The final study sample consisted of 2784 articles. After 2008, Ecuadorian production of HSRA increased steadily from 671 to 2133 publications (p.05). Conclusions Ecuadorian HSRA output increased significantly after 2008. This larger volume of scientific output could be the result to the Mandato 14/LOES implemented in the last decade. However, a low percentage of HSRA are dedicated to addressing the country’s health priorities. Proper planning, execution and monitoring of national health research agendas would reduce the mismatch between health burden and the HSRA output in Ecuador and other low-and middle-income countries.Open bone fractures in clinical are not only difficult to heal but also at a high risk of infections. Annual cases of fractures which result from osteoporosis amount to approximately 9 million. The objective of this study is to load the antibiotic drug of vancomycin and tune its controlled delivery on a bone repair scaffold material of Mineralized Collagen/poly(lactic acid) (MCP) via changing the crystallinity of poly(lactic acid) to achieve inhibiting infection while repairing defects. We explored the crystallization process of the material during molding and prepared non-crystalline MCP1, MCP2, MCP3 and MCP4 by rapid freeze forming and crystalline MCP5 by tuning temperature decreasing rate. This method can control the micropore structure of the material; and the material changes from brittleness to toughness, which greatly enhances the control of mechanical properties. The drug release behavior of the material was studied for 28 days. Furthermore, the antibacterial property of the material was tested by the zone of inhibition, which shows the material good bacteriostasis. The controllable MCPs are expected to be substitutes for the treatment of infectious bone defects applying to clinical practical treatment.The quest to explain and understand the cause of accidents is both ever-present and ongoing amongst the safety science community. In an attempt to advance the theory and science of accident causation, researchers have recently formalised a set of ’15 systems thinking tenets’ that cover the conditions and characteristics of work systems that are believed to contribute to the cause of accidents. The purpose of this study was to attempt to identify the systems thinking tenets across a range of different systems and accidents using the Accident Mapping (AcciMap) method. The findings suggest that the tenets can be attributed to play a role in accident causation, however as a result of this process, the capability of AcciMap has been brought into question. Implications and directions for future research are described. Practitioner Summary This study is an extension of previous work that suggested there was a need to test for the ‘systems thinking tenets of accident causation’ in a multi-incident dataset. We used AcciMap to evaluate whether it has the capability to support ongoing accident analysis activities in ergonomics research.