Altogether, these data improve our understanding of the genetic mechanisms controlling the establishment of the root nodule symbiosis under Pi deficiency. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Exosomes carrying microRNAs (miRNAs) mediate cell-to-cell communication, which play important roles in cancer growth and progression. However, the roles and molecular mechanisms of the miRNAs in the exosomes from carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are still not clear. The miRNA array showed that miR-3613-3p was an upregulated miRNA in CAFs exosomes. It was verified that miR-3613-3p was upregulated in exosomes from fibroblasts educated by TGF-β1 and the fibroblasts from breast cancer tissues. selleck chemical Exosomal miR-3613-3p promoted breast cancer cell proliferation and metastasis. The cellular functions showed that miR-3613-3p downregulation in the CAFs exosomes suppressed cell proliferation and metastasis in breast cancer by targeting SOCS2 expression. The clinical data showed that miR-3613-3p levels were negatively related to SOCS2 expression in breast cancer tissues. In a conclusion, the study demonstrated that activated fibroblasts exosomes with high levels of miR-3613-3p played an oncogenic role in breast cancer cell survival and metastasis, which suggested that miR-3613-3p function as a therapeutic target. © 2020 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.Although the biochemical and genetic basis of lipid metabolism is clear in Arabidopsis, there is limited information concerning the relevant genes in soybean. To address this issue, here we constructed three-dimension genetic networks using six seed oil-related traits, fifty-two lipid-metabolism-related metabolites and 54,294 SNPs in at most 286 soybean accessions. As a result, 284 and 279 candidate genes were found by phenotypic and metabolic genome-wide association studies and multi-omics analyses, respectively, to be significantly associated with seed oil-related traits and metabolites; six seed oil-related traits were found by MCP and SCAD analyses to be significantly related to thirty-one metabolites. Among the above candidate genes, 36 genes were found to be associated with oil synthesis (27), amino acid synthesis (4) and TCA cycle (5), and four genes GmFATB1a, GmPDAT, GmPLDα1 and GmDAGAT1 are known oil-synthesis-related genes. Using the above information, 133 three-dimension genetic networks were constructed, in which 24 are known, e.g., pyruvate-GmPDAT-GmFATA2-oil content. Using these networks, GmPDAT, GmAGT and GmACP4 reveal the genetic relationships between pyruvate and the three major nutrients, and GmPDAT, GmZF351 and GmPgs1 reveal the genetic relationships between amino acids and seed oil content. In addition, GmCds1, along with average temperature in July and rainfall, influence seed oil content across years. This study provides a new approach for three-dimension network construction and new information for soybean seed oil improvement and gene function identification. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Traditional genetic studies focus on identifying genetic variants associated with the mean difference of a quantitative trait. Because genetic variants also influence phenotypic variation via heterogeneity, we conducted a variance-heterogeneity genome wide association study (vGWAS) to examine contribution of variance heterogeneity to oil-related quantitative traits. We identified 79 unique variance-controlling single nucleotide polymorphisms (vSNPs) from the sequences of 77 candidate variance heterogeneity genes for 21 oil-related traits using Levene’ test (P less then 1.0 × 10-5 ). About 30% of the candidate genes encode enzymes working in lipid metabolic pathways, and most of which define clear expression variance QTLs (evQTL). Of the vSNPs specifically associated with the genetic variance heterogeneity of oil concentration, 89% can be explained by additional linked mean-effects genetic variants. Furthermore, we demonstrated that gene x gene interactions play important roles in the formation of variance heterogeneity for fatty acid compositional traits. The interaction pattern was validated for one gene pair (GRMZM2G035341 and GRMZM2G152328) using Yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) and Bimolecular fluorescent complimentary (BiFC) analyses. Our findings have implications for uncovering the genetic basis of hidden additive genetic effects, epistatic interaction effects, and we indicate opportunities to stabilize efficient high-oil maize (Zea mays L.) breeding and selection. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.As of April 2020, more than 2 million people worldwide had tested positive for COVID-19, and more than 200,000 deaths are attributed to this virus. It is estimated that around 15% of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 will develop severe health complications, and around 5- 10% will require intensive level care due to the seriousness of the symptoms and the high mortality risk (3-5%)( Baud et al., 2020; Murthy, Gomersall, & Fowler, 2020). At the time of writing, COVID-19 has caused the need for hospitalisation of thousands of people due to the serious pneumonia type symptoms that result in extreme breathing difficulty. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.BACKGROUND There are controversial findings in the literature regarding the association between tobacco smoking and development of apical periodontitis or need for root canal treatment, with some studies showing an increase in the prevalence of these outcomes in smokers, while others reporting no association. AIM To evaluate if there is scientific evidence to support an association between tobacco smoking and a higher prevalence of apical periodontitis and/or root canal treatments. DATA SOURCES A systematic search was performed using MeSH terms and free terms in the PubMed, Scopus, Virtual Health Library(VHL), Cochrane library and Open Gray databases. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA, PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTIONS Observational studies that evaluated the association between smoking and the development or healing of periapical lesion and/or the prevalence of root canal treatment in humans were included. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS A quality assessment of included studies was performed and the relevant information and findings were evaluated.