3%). Betahistine at doses over 0.1 mg/mL significantly suppressed the cell migration rate in all of the cell lines. In contrast, exposure to a low dose of betahistine (0.025 mg/mL) induced migration rates of HUVEC and Ishikawa cells by 81% and 48%, respectively.

Betahistine may alter the processes of cellular proliferation, apoptosis, and cellular migration in a cell line- and dose-dependent manner. In this sense, proliferative and metastatic properties of certain cancer cells can potentially be altered in response to betahistine treatment.

Betahistine may alter the processes of cellular proliferation, apoptosis, and cellular migration in a cell line- and dose-dependent manner. In this sense, proliferative and metastatic properties of certain cancer cells can potentially be altered in response to betahistine treatment.The development of perennial grain crops is driven by the vision of simultaneous food production and enhanced ecosystem services. Typically, perennial crops like intermediate wheatgrass (IWG)[Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkworth & D.R Dewey] have low seed yield and other detrimental traits. Next-generation sequencing has made genomic selection (GS) a tractable and viable breeding method. To investigate how an IWG breeding program may use GS, we evaluated 3,658 genets over 2 yr for 46 traits to build a training population. PLX4032 clinical trial Six statistical models were used to evaluate the non-replicated data, and a model using autoregressive order 1 (AR1) spatial correction for rows and columns combined with the genomic relationship matrix provided the highest estimates of heritability. Genomic selection models were built from 18,357 single nucleotide polymorphism markers via genotyping-by-sequencing, and a 20-fold cross-validation showed high predictive ability for all traits (r > .80). Predictive abilities improved with increased training population size and marker numbers, even with larger amounts of missing data per marker. On the basis of these results, we propose a GS breeding method that is capable of completing one cycle per year compared with a minimum of 2 yr per cycle with phenotypic selection. We estimate that this breeding approach can increase the rate of genetic gain up to 2.6× above phenotypic selection for spike yield in IWG, allowing GS to enable rapid domestication and improvement of this crop. These breeding methods should be transferable to other species with similar long breeding cycles or limited capacity for replicated observations.Anthracnose disease of sorghum is caused by Colletotrichum sublineola, a filamentous fungus. The genetic basis of resistance to anthracnose in sorghum is largely unclear, especially in Senegalese sorghum germplasm. In this study, 163 Senegalese sorghum accessions were evaluated for response to C. sublineola, and a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed to identify genetic variation associated with response to C. sublineola using 193,727 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) throughout the genome. Germplasm diversity analysis showed low genetic diversity and slow linkage disequilibrium (LD) decay among the Senegalese accessions. Phenotypic analysis resulted in relatively low differences to C. sublineola among the tested population. Genome-wide association study did not identify any significant association based on a strict threshold for the number of SNPs available. However, individual analysis of the top eight SNPs associated with relative susceptibility and resistance identified candidate genes that have been shown to play important roles in plant stress tolerance in previous studies. This study identifies sorghum genes whose annotated properties have known roles in host defense and thus identify them as candidates for use in breeding for resistance to anthracnose.The rapid growth of biomedical ontologies observed in recent years has been reported to be useful in various applications. In this article, we propose two main-function protocols-term-related and entity-related-with the three most common ontology analyses, including similarity calculation, enrichment analysis, and ontology visualization, which can be done by separate methods. Many previously developed tools implementing those methods run on different platforms and implement a limited number of the methods for similarity calculation and enrichment analysis tools for a specific type of biomedical ontology, although any type can be acceptable. Moreover, depending on each application, methods have distinct advantages; thus, the greater the number of methods a tool has, the better decisions that users make. The protocol here implements all the analyses above using an advanced popular tool called UFO. UFO is a Cytoscape app that unifies most of the semantic similarity measures for between-term and between-entity similarity calculation for biomedical ontologies in OBO format, which can calculate the similarity between two sets of entities and weigh imported entity networks, as well as generate functional similarity networks. The complete protocol can be performed in 30 min and is designed for use by biologists with no prior bioinformatics training. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol Running UFO using a list of input Gene Ontology, Disease Ontology, or Human Phenotype Ontology data.

To highlight the emerging ethos of cultural rigour in the use of critical appraisal tools in research involving First Nations peoples.

Critical reflection on recent systematic review experience.

The concept of cultural rigour is notably undefined in peer-reviewed journal articles but is evident in the development of critical appraisal tools developed by First Nations peoples.

Conventional critical appraisal tools for assessing study quality are built on a limited view of health that excludes the cultural knowledge of First Nations peoples. Cultural rigour is an emerging field of activity that epitomises First Nations peoples’ diverse cultural knowledge through community participation in all aspects of research. Implications for public health Critical appraisal tools developed by First Nations peoples are available to researchers and direct attention to the social, cultural, political and human rights basis of health research.

Conventional critical appraisal tools for assessing study quality are built on a limited view of health that excludes the cultural knowledge of First Nations peoples.