As a promising fungicide, the potential environmental risk of trifloxystrobin (TFS) and its main metabolism trifloxystrobin acid (TFSA) in soil environment should be given special attention. The present study investigated the potential risks of TFS and TFSA in soil environment to earthworms (Eisenia fetida) through measuring several biomarkers. Residual analysis showed that TFSA was more stable than TFS in artificial soil with half-lives ranging from 138.6 to 231.0 d and 20.4-24.7 d, respectively. Additionally, the accumulation of TFS in earthworms increased in the beginning and then decreased from day 14, while that of TFSA continuously increased. At concentrations of 4.0 mg/kg and 10.0 mg/kg, the weight and lysosomal membrane stability of earthworms were reduced; however, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in earthworms were enhanced by TFS and TFSA. Moreover, the growth inhibition effect and the oxidative damage level induced by TFSA to earthworms were higher than those induced by TFS. The transcriptome analysis date indicated that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in both TFS and TFSA treatments were mainly enriched in ribosome pathway and lysosome pathway, finally affecting the protein synthesis and proteolysis in earthworms. The findings of the present study indicated that TFSA may pose a higher risk in the soil environment than TFS.Removal of Hg(II) by biochar (BC) is a promising remediation technology. The high-salinity Spirulina residue (HSR) is a hazardous waste generated during extracting the pigment phycocyanin under high salinity conditions. Although HSR-derived BC (HSRBC) exhibited the excellent sorption capacity of Hg(II), the involved mechanisms have been rarely studied. In this study, we investigated the specific properties and Hg(II) sorption mechanisms of HSRBCs. selleck products Chloride and calcium minerals were formed in HSRBCs. Increments in carbonization temperature (from 350 to 700 °C) or time (from 90 to 540 min) led to the enhancement of aromaticity, porosity, and positive charge, but cracked oxygen-containing groups and C-N bonds. Further increase in carbonization temperature or time decreased the sorption of Hg(II). At environmentally relevant concentration of Hg(II) (2-4 mg/L), the sorption capacity (6.1-12.7 mg/g) obtained in HSRBC350 was comparable to activated carbon. Based on dual-mode isotherm, surface sorption accounted for 75-88% uptake, while precipitation accounted for 12-25% uptake. In addition, the C-O, CO, and CC groups were responsible for the monodentate/bidentate complexation and reduction, while Cl- triggered Hg2Cl2 precipitation. Overall, this study provided a new insight in creating an excellent Hg(II) sorbent from hazardous waste, and revealed the sorption mechanisms for Hg(II) uptake.In recent years, the Chinese government has made great efforts to jointly control and prevent air pollution, especially fine particulate matter (PM2.5). However, these efforts are challenged by technical constraints due to the significant temporal and spatial heterogeneity of PM2.5 across China. In this study, the Affinity Zone Identification Approach (AZIA), which combines rotated principal component analysis (RPCA) with revised clustering analysis, was developed and employed to regionalize PM2.5 pollution in China based on data from 1496 air quality monitoring sites recorded from 2013 to 2017. Two clustering methods, cluster analysis with statistical test (CAST) and K-center-point (K-medoids) clustering, were compared and revised to eliminate unspecified sites. Site zonation was finally extended to the municipality scale for the convenience of the controlling measures. The results revealed that 17 affinity zones with 5 different labels from clean to heavily polluted areas could be identified in China. The heavily polluted areas were mainly located in central and eastern China as well as Xinjiang Province, with regional average annual PM2.5 concentrations higher than 66 μg/m3. The new approach provided more comprehensive and detailed affinity zones than obtained in a previous study (Wang et al., 2015b). The North China Plain and Northeastern China were both further divided into northern and southern parts based on different pollution levels. In addition, five affinity zones were first recognized in western China. The findings provide not only a theoretical basis to further display the temporal and spatial variations in PM2.5 but also an effective solution for the cooperative control of air pollution in China.The effects of the continuous accumulation of Zinc (Zn) on the fate of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in constructed wetland-microbial fuel cells (CW-MFCs) remain unclear. In this study, the impacts of Zn addition and a circuit mode on antibiotic removal, occurrence of ARGs, the bacterial community, and bacterial functions were investigated in three groups of CW-MFCs. The results showed that continuous Zn exposure enriched the target ARGs during the initial stage, while excessive Zn accumulation decreased antibiotic removal and the abundance of ARGs. A principal component analysis demonstrated that ARGs and the bacterial community distribution characteristics were significantly impacted by the mass accumulation of antibiotics and Zn, as well as the circuit mode. A redundancy analysis, partial least squares path modeling, and Procrustes analysis revealed that the accumulation of antibiotics and Zn, the composition of the bacterial community, the circuit mode, and the abundance of intI associated with horizontal gene transfer jointly contributed to the distributions of ARGs in the electrodes and effluent. Moreover, continuous exposure to Zn decreased the bacterial diversity and changed the composition and function of the bacterial community predicted using PICRUSt tool. The co-occurrence of ARGs, their potential hosts and bacterial functions were further revealed using a network analysis. A variation partition analysis also showed that the accumulation of target pollutants and the circuit mode had a significant impact on the bacterial community composition and functions. Therefore, the interaction among ARGs, the bacterial community, bacterial functions, and pollutant accumulations in the CW-MFC was complex. This study provides useful implications for the application of CW-MFCs for the treatment of wastewater contaminated with antibiotics and heavy metals.